A4M FINAL TEST 2026 QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED
A+
◍ Mechanism of action of curcumin Supplement whose mechanism includes
decreasing tau phosphorylation and reducing COX-2 expression..
Answer: Curcumin is an inhibitor of phosphorylase kinase. It decreases tau
phosphorylation; reduces COX-2 expression; inhibits NF-kB.
◍ Stimulates neutrophils and macrophages to kill microorganism. Nontoxic
and does not cause microbial resistance. Useful for treatment of intracellular
organisms..
Answer: Olive leaf extract
◍ Rate of secretion of PSA from prostate / day?.
Answer: 0.07 ng / mL
◍ Mineral responsible for increasing renal intra-glomerular pressure and
decreasing arterial compliance.
Answer: Sodium
◍ Provide a description of testosterone as it relates to female hormone
replacement.
Answer: Testosterone is an androgen. Testosterone is made in the ovaries
and adrenal glands. Only a small amount of testosterone exist in the free
form, in other words available for the body to use. The remainder is bound
to sexual hormone binding globulin.
◍ How much does potassium decrease BP?.
Answer: Supplementing potassium 60-120 mEG day may decrease SBP /
DBP by 4/2.5 mm HG
,◍ What are the functions of testosterone in females?.
Answer: It decreases bone deterioration and improve strength of the bone.It
decreases excess body fat.It elevates Nuro epinephrine in the brain and
therefore has an anti-depressant effect.It increases muscle mass and
strength.It helps to maintain memory.It increases muscle tone and prevents
skin from sagging.It increases sense of emotional well-being,
self-confidence and motivation.It increases sexual interest or libido
◍ What are the signs and symptoms of testosterone deficiency and females.
Answer: Anxiety.Decline and muscle tone, a reduction in HDL, decreased
sexual drive, droopy eyelids, dry skin and poor elasticity, dry and thinning
hair, fatigue, hypersensitivity, and hyper emotional states, a reduction in
dreaming during sleep, loss of pubic care, low self-esteem, mild depression,
muscle wasting, despite proper calorie and protein, intake, saggy cheeks,
thin lips, weight gain
◍ What are the causes of deficiency of testosterone and females?.
Answer: Adrenal stress or burnoutOral contraceptive use by increasing sex
hormone binding globulin.ChemotherapyChildbirthCholesterol
medicationDepression.Endometriosis.Aging process.Psychological
trauma.Surgical menopause
◍ Actions of Magnesium on BP: are.
Answer: - Acts as a calcium channel blocker- Regulates insulin sensitivity-
Regulates pH- Increases arterial compliance via endothelial vasodilatation
◍ T or F: omega-6 fatty acids decrease blood pressure.
Answer: False (although may indirectly affect BP through effects on
saturated fatty acids)
◍ Recommended intake of calcium to reduce HTN.
Answer: > 800 mg / day may reduce incidence of HTN
◍ T or F: soy protein decreases blood pressure and increases arterial
compliance.
Answer: True; recommended in fermented form; 30-40 gm / day for
, hypertensive individuals
◍ What is the recommended daily dose of testosterone, supplementation and
females?.
Answer: Dosing must be guided by laboratory testing.The dosing range is
0.25 mg cream to 4 mg cream daily with the most common dose being 0.25
mg to 2 mg daily.Testosterone should always be used transdermally in most
situations.Apply the testosterone to the thigh and rub in for two minutes and
rotate sites.transference of testosterone can occur for up to 12 hours to
humans and animals when given transdermally
◍ T or F: omega-9 fatty acids found in olive oil have beneficial effects on both
blood pressure and cholesterol.
Answer: True
◍ Effects of garlic on HTN.
Answer: garlic acts as a natural ACE-I, CCB and increases arterial
compliance via increase of NO production
◍ What are the important points to know in administering testosterone in
females during menopause?.
Answer: There should be a hormone holiday: after the patient has been on
hormones for six months they will need to take a hormonal holiday every
month. This can be done in various ways. These are as follows:The first
method is to take all the hormones Monday through Saturday and then not
on Sunday.The second method is to take all the hormones on days one
through 25 and then four days off of all hormones.If the patient wishes to
cycle then have them take all the hormones including testosterone every day
except for progesterone days 14 through 25. This is called mock cycling.
◍ What other sources will cause elevations in serum testosterone levels.
Answer: A reduction and core intake.Exercise.Good sleep
hygiene.Increasing the amount of protein in the diet.Weight loss of the
patient is overweightStress reductionTaking arginine, loosen or
glutamine.Zinc, supplementation will aid in metabolism of testosterone
, ◍ T or F: The gamma isomer of Vitamin E is more potent than the alpha
isomer in lipid lowering effects.
Answer: True
◍ Most potent B vitamin; lowers blood pressure via multiple mechanisms.
Answer: Vitamin B6. Increases bioavailability of coA and decreases
cholesterol synthesis. Also reduces oxLDL. Increases HDL, reduces LDL
and triglycerides.
◍ T or F: There is strong evidence for Guggul in treatment of cholesterol.
Answer: False
◍ T or F: Niacin is the most effective currently known agent for increasing
HDL.
Answer: True
◍ Which infectious agents have been linked to development of MS plaques in
brain?.
Answer: Mycoplasma pneumoniae and EBV
◍ T or F: 20% of MS patients have been shown to have gluten sensitivity.
Answer: True
◍ What pharmaceutical / nutriceutical agents have been shown to be helpful in
treatment of MS?.
Answer: Alpha lipoic acid; minocycline; doxycycline; memantine; NAC;
Vitamin B12; phosphatidyl serine; Coenzyme Q10; HRT with estrogen /
estriol; hyperbaric oxygen therapy
◍ What are the risk factors for sub-arachnoid hemorrhage (rupture of cerebral
aneurysm)?.
Answer: Hypertension; smoking; oral contraceptive usage; usage of
stimulants
◍ What is the mechanism of action of migraine headache?.
Answer: Extreme cerebral vasoconstriction followed by vaso-dilatation
◍ What are the important side effects and contraindications of testosterone
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED
A+
◍ Mechanism of action of curcumin Supplement whose mechanism includes
decreasing tau phosphorylation and reducing COX-2 expression..
Answer: Curcumin is an inhibitor of phosphorylase kinase. It decreases tau
phosphorylation; reduces COX-2 expression; inhibits NF-kB.
◍ Stimulates neutrophils and macrophages to kill microorganism. Nontoxic
and does not cause microbial resistance. Useful for treatment of intracellular
organisms..
Answer: Olive leaf extract
◍ Rate of secretion of PSA from prostate / day?.
Answer: 0.07 ng / mL
◍ Mineral responsible for increasing renal intra-glomerular pressure and
decreasing arterial compliance.
Answer: Sodium
◍ Provide a description of testosterone as it relates to female hormone
replacement.
Answer: Testosterone is an androgen. Testosterone is made in the ovaries
and adrenal glands. Only a small amount of testosterone exist in the free
form, in other words available for the body to use. The remainder is bound
to sexual hormone binding globulin.
◍ How much does potassium decrease BP?.
Answer: Supplementing potassium 60-120 mEG day may decrease SBP /
DBP by 4/2.5 mm HG
,◍ What are the functions of testosterone in females?.
Answer: It decreases bone deterioration and improve strength of the bone.It
decreases excess body fat.It elevates Nuro epinephrine in the brain and
therefore has an anti-depressant effect.It increases muscle mass and
strength.It helps to maintain memory.It increases muscle tone and prevents
skin from sagging.It increases sense of emotional well-being,
self-confidence and motivation.It increases sexual interest or libido
◍ What are the signs and symptoms of testosterone deficiency and females.
Answer: Anxiety.Decline and muscle tone, a reduction in HDL, decreased
sexual drive, droopy eyelids, dry skin and poor elasticity, dry and thinning
hair, fatigue, hypersensitivity, and hyper emotional states, a reduction in
dreaming during sleep, loss of pubic care, low self-esteem, mild depression,
muscle wasting, despite proper calorie and protein, intake, saggy cheeks,
thin lips, weight gain
◍ What are the causes of deficiency of testosterone and females?.
Answer: Adrenal stress or burnoutOral contraceptive use by increasing sex
hormone binding globulin.ChemotherapyChildbirthCholesterol
medicationDepression.Endometriosis.Aging process.Psychological
trauma.Surgical menopause
◍ Actions of Magnesium on BP: are.
Answer: - Acts as a calcium channel blocker- Regulates insulin sensitivity-
Regulates pH- Increases arterial compliance via endothelial vasodilatation
◍ T or F: omega-6 fatty acids decrease blood pressure.
Answer: False (although may indirectly affect BP through effects on
saturated fatty acids)
◍ Recommended intake of calcium to reduce HTN.
Answer: > 800 mg / day may reduce incidence of HTN
◍ T or F: soy protein decreases blood pressure and increases arterial
compliance.
Answer: True; recommended in fermented form; 30-40 gm / day for
, hypertensive individuals
◍ What is the recommended daily dose of testosterone, supplementation and
females?.
Answer: Dosing must be guided by laboratory testing.The dosing range is
0.25 mg cream to 4 mg cream daily with the most common dose being 0.25
mg to 2 mg daily.Testosterone should always be used transdermally in most
situations.Apply the testosterone to the thigh and rub in for two minutes and
rotate sites.transference of testosterone can occur for up to 12 hours to
humans and animals when given transdermally
◍ T or F: omega-9 fatty acids found in olive oil have beneficial effects on both
blood pressure and cholesterol.
Answer: True
◍ Effects of garlic on HTN.
Answer: garlic acts as a natural ACE-I, CCB and increases arterial
compliance via increase of NO production
◍ What are the important points to know in administering testosterone in
females during menopause?.
Answer: There should be a hormone holiday: after the patient has been on
hormones for six months they will need to take a hormonal holiday every
month. This can be done in various ways. These are as follows:The first
method is to take all the hormones Monday through Saturday and then not
on Sunday.The second method is to take all the hormones on days one
through 25 and then four days off of all hormones.If the patient wishes to
cycle then have them take all the hormones including testosterone every day
except for progesterone days 14 through 25. This is called mock cycling.
◍ What other sources will cause elevations in serum testosterone levels.
Answer: A reduction and core intake.Exercise.Good sleep
hygiene.Increasing the amount of protein in the diet.Weight loss of the
patient is overweightStress reductionTaking arginine, loosen or
glutamine.Zinc, supplementation will aid in metabolism of testosterone
, ◍ T or F: The gamma isomer of Vitamin E is more potent than the alpha
isomer in lipid lowering effects.
Answer: True
◍ Most potent B vitamin; lowers blood pressure via multiple mechanisms.
Answer: Vitamin B6. Increases bioavailability of coA and decreases
cholesterol synthesis. Also reduces oxLDL. Increases HDL, reduces LDL
and triglycerides.
◍ T or F: There is strong evidence for Guggul in treatment of cholesterol.
Answer: False
◍ T or F: Niacin is the most effective currently known agent for increasing
HDL.
Answer: True
◍ Which infectious agents have been linked to development of MS plaques in
brain?.
Answer: Mycoplasma pneumoniae and EBV
◍ T or F: 20% of MS patients have been shown to have gluten sensitivity.
Answer: True
◍ What pharmaceutical / nutriceutical agents have been shown to be helpful in
treatment of MS?.
Answer: Alpha lipoic acid; minocycline; doxycycline; memantine; NAC;
Vitamin B12; phosphatidyl serine; Coenzyme Q10; HRT with estrogen /
estriol; hyperbaric oxygen therapy
◍ What are the risk factors for sub-arachnoid hemorrhage (rupture of cerebral
aneurysm)?.
Answer: Hypertension; smoking; oral contraceptive usage; usage of
stimulants
◍ What is the mechanism of action of migraine headache?.
Answer: Extreme cerebral vasoconstriction followed by vaso-dilatation
◍ What are the important side effects and contraindications of testosterone
