PSYCH 221 - CHAPTER 6-10 (LATEST UPDATE) REAL
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS |100% CORRECT |
ALREADY GRADED A
Broaden-and-Build Theory (Fredrickson) Ans✓✓✓positive emotions
broaden the way we think and make us more creative
- they help us to thrive as a person and in our social world
William James (1884) Ans✓✓✓Father of American Psychology
Schachter & Singer (1962) Ans✓✓✓Two-Factor Theory:
Unexplained physiological arousal - cognitive explanation
- How we construe response to event shapes what the dominant
emotional response is
Suspension Bridge Study (Dutton & Aron, 1974) Ans✓✓✓Example of
two-factor theory:
Environment shaping how we feel/emotional psychological arousal
Bridge study:
- Attractive woman met men at on either a stable or wobbly bridge
- asked them to fill out questionnaires containing Thematic
Apperception Test (TAT) pictures
- Sexual content of stories written by participants on the fear-arousing
bridge and tendency of these participants to attempt post-experimental
contact with the interviewer were both significantly greater
,The Nun Study Ans✓✓✓- New nuns would write about themselves
(autobiography)
- Years later researchers coded these for positive emotions and
expression
- Followed the nuns to see how long they lived related to their emotions
- People with more positive emotions were more likely to live longer
Does money buy happiness study Ans✓✓✓- Subjects given $5 or $20
- Subjects could either spend money on a friend or themselves
- Didn't matter the amount of money, people who gave to others were
happier- prosocial
Diener & Seligman (2002) Ans✓✓✓identified "very happy people" &
examined characteristics
- self-report and peer informant reports
- happy people had more relationships
Happiness promoting creativity study Ans✓✓✓Shown with cookies
- Randomly assigned to receive a cookie or not then given a creativity
test with a brick
- Cookie- brick= doorstop, paperweight, weapon
- No cookie- brick= building tool
Chartrand & Bargh (1999) Ans✓✓✓Chameleon effect study
,- experiment 1: the motor behavior of participants unintentionally
matched that of strangers with whom they worked on a task
- experiment 2: had confederates mimic the posture and movements of
participants and showed that mimicry facilitates the smoothness of
interactions and increases liking between interaction partners
- experiment 3: empathic individuals exhibit the chameleon effect to a
greater extent than do other people
Sherif (1936) Ans✓✓✓Informational influence/private acceptance:
- Participants judged the distance a light traveled independently
- then they determined the distance with a group
-the distance determined with the group became a norm
Asch (1956) Ans✓✓✓normative influence/public compliance:
- line measuring study
- People were given the wrong answer and 37% of the group conformed
to this clearly wrong answer
Milgram's "looking up at nothing" study Ans✓✓✓- 1 person looking
up, 40% of passers-by conformed
- 2-3 people looking up, 60-65% conformed
- 4 people looking up, 80% conformed
Blood donor study Ans✓✓✓door-in-the-face-effect
, - one group was asked to donate blood for a long term commitment and
another group was not asked
- 32% of experimental group agreed to give blood tomorrow
Milgram (1974) Ans✓✓✓Obedience
- Participants: 40 men as "teachers"
- Cover story: Effects of punishment on learning
- Thought they were selected to be teacher or learner (all were teacher)
- Teacher instructed to give shock every time there was a wrong answer
- Previously tape recorded responses to the shocks
- Between 340 and 450 volts there was no response at all
- Experimenter kept saying "please continue"
- Machine: 15 volts to 450 volts
- Give shocks for incorrect responses
- Psychiatrists guessed 1/1000 would go to 450 volts
- Finding: 65% (26 Ps) went to 450 volts (XXX)
Berkman & Syme (1979) Ans✓✓✓-4 different types of social
connections were measured
- At every age group, those who had fewer different types of social
connections were more likely to die early
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS |100% CORRECT |
ALREADY GRADED A
Broaden-and-Build Theory (Fredrickson) Ans✓✓✓positive emotions
broaden the way we think and make us more creative
- they help us to thrive as a person and in our social world
William James (1884) Ans✓✓✓Father of American Psychology
Schachter & Singer (1962) Ans✓✓✓Two-Factor Theory:
Unexplained physiological arousal - cognitive explanation
- How we construe response to event shapes what the dominant
emotional response is
Suspension Bridge Study (Dutton & Aron, 1974) Ans✓✓✓Example of
two-factor theory:
Environment shaping how we feel/emotional psychological arousal
Bridge study:
- Attractive woman met men at on either a stable or wobbly bridge
- asked them to fill out questionnaires containing Thematic
Apperception Test (TAT) pictures
- Sexual content of stories written by participants on the fear-arousing
bridge and tendency of these participants to attempt post-experimental
contact with the interviewer were both significantly greater
,The Nun Study Ans✓✓✓- New nuns would write about themselves
(autobiography)
- Years later researchers coded these for positive emotions and
expression
- Followed the nuns to see how long they lived related to their emotions
- People with more positive emotions were more likely to live longer
Does money buy happiness study Ans✓✓✓- Subjects given $5 or $20
- Subjects could either spend money on a friend or themselves
- Didn't matter the amount of money, people who gave to others were
happier- prosocial
Diener & Seligman (2002) Ans✓✓✓identified "very happy people" &
examined characteristics
- self-report and peer informant reports
- happy people had more relationships
Happiness promoting creativity study Ans✓✓✓Shown with cookies
- Randomly assigned to receive a cookie or not then given a creativity
test with a brick
- Cookie- brick= doorstop, paperweight, weapon
- No cookie- brick= building tool
Chartrand & Bargh (1999) Ans✓✓✓Chameleon effect study
,- experiment 1: the motor behavior of participants unintentionally
matched that of strangers with whom they worked on a task
- experiment 2: had confederates mimic the posture and movements of
participants and showed that mimicry facilitates the smoothness of
interactions and increases liking between interaction partners
- experiment 3: empathic individuals exhibit the chameleon effect to a
greater extent than do other people
Sherif (1936) Ans✓✓✓Informational influence/private acceptance:
- Participants judged the distance a light traveled independently
- then they determined the distance with a group
-the distance determined with the group became a norm
Asch (1956) Ans✓✓✓normative influence/public compliance:
- line measuring study
- People were given the wrong answer and 37% of the group conformed
to this clearly wrong answer
Milgram's "looking up at nothing" study Ans✓✓✓- 1 person looking
up, 40% of passers-by conformed
- 2-3 people looking up, 60-65% conformed
- 4 people looking up, 80% conformed
Blood donor study Ans✓✓✓door-in-the-face-effect
, - one group was asked to donate blood for a long term commitment and
another group was not asked
- 32% of experimental group agreed to give blood tomorrow
Milgram (1974) Ans✓✓✓Obedience
- Participants: 40 men as "teachers"
- Cover story: Effects of punishment on learning
- Thought they were selected to be teacher or learner (all were teacher)
- Teacher instructed to give shock every time there was a wrong answer
- Previously tape recorded responses to the shocks
- Between 340 and 450 volts there was no response at all
- Experimenter kept saying "please continue"
- Machine: 15 volts to 450 volts
- Give shocks for incorrect responses
- Psychiatrists guessed 1/1000 would go to 450 volts
- Finding: 65% (26 Ps) went to 450 volts (XXX)
Berkman & Syme (1979) Ans✓✓✓-4 different types of social
connections were measured
- At every age group, those who had fewer different types of social
connections were more likely to die early
