Peds Exam 2 Content UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
3-4 weeks of gestation kids in neuro infection, trauma, teratogens, and malnutrition can cause physical defects and
may cause abnormal CNS development
Neurologic system at birth cranial bones not well developed or fused, increased risk for fracture, brain is
highly vascular, increased risk for hemorrhage
Child neurologic The spinal cord is mobile, high risk for cervical spine injuries
babies heads in proportion to size babies are top-heavy, head not proportional to body, as they get older they
proportionalize better
Types of neurologic disorders in children structural, seizures, infections, trauma, blood flow, and chronic
Risk factors for neuro issues in kids prematurity, difficult birth, infection during pregnancy, fall, recent trauma
Common s/s related to neuro disease nausea/vomiting, headaches, changes in gait, loss of motor function, visual
disturbances, change in LOC or confusion, increased irritability, altered muscle
tone
Neuro cry screeching, high-pitched, cry, muscle rigidity
Common lab and diagnostic tests lumbar puncture, CSF analysis, ICP measurements, EEG (electroencephalogram
for seziures), imaging
You cannot diagnose meningitis without doing lumbar puncture
If CSF is cloudy from a lumbar puncture bacterial meningitis
If CSF is clear from a lumbar puncture viral meningitis
Medications for neuro antibiotics, anticonvulsants/ benzos (seizures), analgesic (neuro cry), osmotic
diuretics (hydrocephalus), corticosteroids (swelling)
Precautions for neuro disorders seizure precautions
Ventricular shunt placement or external ventricular drain fluid from the head/brain, shunts need to be replaced, if they are not
drainage (EVD) working the head will be swollen
Hyperventilation seizures, giving oxygen to someone who needs it
Vagal nerve stimulator for older kids, help with seizures, nerve pain, help relieve s/s
Prenatal risk factors for neurologic disorders prematurity, maternal drug/alcohol use, infection during pregnancy, maternal
ingestion of teratogens, fetal malnutrition in utero
Neonatal abstinence syndrome stiff, skinny, neuro cry, treat with low stimulation, swaddle, cuddle pacifiers,
promote fluids and nutrition, methadone, NG tube, early intervention
, Febrile seizures Common in kids 3 and younger
Status epilepticus medical emergency, seizure longer than 3 minutes, call code blue
Neural tube defects myeminogceles (sac)
Microcephaly small head
Arnold-Chiari malformation The cerebellum extends into spinal canal blocking flow of CSF, back of head,
hard time hearing, can live with if mild or headaches, may need brain surgery,
genetic
Intracranial ateriovenous malformation ICP causes, blood not going in the right direction
Hydrocephalus fluid in the head, increased ICP, increased head size, loss of developmental
milestones or changes in personality, may require shunt
Craniosynostisis fontanels close early in infancy, brain will not grow anymore, child can not
progress
Bacterial meningitis cloudy CSF, treat with antibiotics
Viral meningitis clear CSF, not as serious, treat the symptoms
Encephalitis inflammation of the brain
Reye syndrome Rare, swelling of the liver and brain due to aspirin use under 12 years old
increased intracranial pressure early s/s headache, projectile vomiting, visual changes, dizzy, decreased HR and RR,
change in LOC, seizures, sunset eyes, bulging fontanel and increasing head
circumference (infants)
increased intracranial pressure late s/s deceberate (out), decorticate (in), decrease LOC, depressed motor/sensory
responses, bradycardia, cheyne stokes respirations, fixed/dilated pupils
S/s shunt infection increased vital signs, poor feeding, seizure activity, vomiting, decreased
responsiveness, local inflammation in shunt track
Head trauma causes falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports injuries, pedestrian and bike accidents,
child abuse, concussion, shaken baby syndrome, blows to hthe ead, impact on
a hard surface
Acute stroke in children ischemic (blood clot blocks flow) and hemorrhagic (blood vessel in the brain
bursts), risk factors in kids are genetics or diet, same s/s of dropping, weakness
on one side, slurred speech
Neuro assessment LOC, vitals, head, face, neck, cranial nerve function, motor function, reflexes,
sensory function, ICP
Managing disturbed sensory function changes in sensory perception, risk for injury, notify PCP, assist with adaptive
methods to live with permanent changes in sensory perception, use intact
senses, provide familiar sounds
CORRECT Answers
3-4 weeks of gestation kids in neuro infection, trauma, teratogens, and malnutrition can cause physical defects and
may cause abnormal CNS development
Neurologic system at birth cranial bones not well developed or fused, increased risk for fracture, brain is
highly vascular, increased risk for hemorrhage
Child neurologic The spinal cord is mobile, high risk for cervical spine injuries
babies heads in proportion to size babies are top-heavy, head not proportional to body, as they get older they
proportionalize better
Types of neurologic disorders in children structural, seizures, infections, trauma, blood flow, and chronic
Risk factors for neuro issues in kids prematurity, difficult birth, infection during pregnancy, fall, recent trauma
Common s/s related to neuro disease nausea/vomiting, headaches, changes in gait, loss of motor function, visual
disturbances, change in LOC or confusion, increased irritability, altered muscle
tone
Neuro cry screeching, high-pitched, cry, muscle rigidity
Common lab and diagnostic tests lumbar puncture, CSF analysis, ICP measurements, EEG (electroencephalogram
for seziures), imaging
You cannot diagnose meningitis without doing lumbar puncture
If CSF is cloudy from a lumbar puncture bacterial meningitis
If CSF is clear from a lumbar puncture viral meningitis
Medications for neuro antibiotics, anticonvulsants/ benzos (seizures), analgesic (neuro cry), osmotic
diuretics (hydrocephalus), corticosteroids (swelling)
Precautions for neuro disorders seizure precautions
Ventricular shunt placement or external ventricular drain fluid from the head/brain, shunts need to be replaced, if they are not
drainage (EVD) working the head will be swollen
Hyperventilation seizures, giving oxygen to someone who needs it
Vagal nerve stimulator for older kids, help with seizures, nerve pain, help relieve s/s
Prenatal risk factors for neurologic disorders prematurity, maternal drug/alcohol use, infection during pregnancy, maternal
ingestion of teratogens, fetal malnutrition in utero
Neonatal abstinence syndrome stiff, skinny, neuro cry, treat with low stimulation, swaddle, cuddle pacifiers,
promote fluids and nutrition, methadone, NG tube, early intervention
, Febrile seizures Common in kids 3 and younger
Status epilepticus medical emergency, seizure longer than 3 minutes, call code blue
Neural tube defects myeminogceles (sac)
Microcephaly small head
Arnold-Chiari malformation The cerebellum extends into spinal canal blocking flow of CSF, back of head,
hard time hearing, can live with if mild or headaches, may need brain surgery,
genetic
Intracranial ateriovenous malformation ICP causes, blood not going in the right direction
Hydrocephalus fluid in the head, increased ICP, increased head size, loss of developmental
milestones or changes in personality, may require shunt
Craniosynostisis fontanels close early in infancy, brain will not grow anymore, child can not
progress
Bacterial meningitis cloudy CSF, treat with antibiotics
Viral meningitis clear CSF, not as serious, treat the symptoms
Encephalitis inflammation of the brain
Reye syndrome Rare, swelling of the liver and brain due to aspirin use under 12 years old
increased intracranial pressure early s/s headache, projectile vomiting, visual changes, dizzy, decreased HR and RR,
change in LOC, seizures, sunset eyes, bulging fontanel and increasing head
circumference (infants)
increased intracranial pressure late s/s deceberate (out), decorticate (in), decrease LOC, depressed motor/sensory
responses, bradycardia, cheyne stokes respirations, fixed/dilated pupils
S/s shunt infection increased vital signs, poor feeding, seizure activity, vomiting, decreased
responsiveness, local inflammation in shunt track
Head trauma causes falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports injuries, pedestrian and bike accidents,
child abuse, concussion, shaken baby syndrome, blows to hthe ead, impact on
a hard surface
Acute stroke in children ischemic (blood clot blocks flow) and hemorrhagic (blood vessel in the brain
bursts), risk factors in kids are genetics or diet, same s/s of dropping, weakness
on one side, slurred speech
Neuro assessment LOC, vitals, head, face, neck, cranial nerve function, motor function, reflexes,
sensory function, ICP
Managing disturbed sensory function changes in sensory perception, risk for injury, notify PCP, assist with adaptive
methods to live with permanent changes in sensory perception, use intact
senses, provide familiar sounds
