FAMOUS MONUMENTS OF THE WORLD
1)Hagia Sophia- Istanbul, Turkey
Architect: Byzantine Emperor Constantius
Commissioned the construction of the first Hagia
Sophia in 360 A.D.
Style of Architecture: Byzantine architecture
Key Features:
● The Hagia Sophia dome is supported by four pendentives that were built at each
corner of the square base of the cathedral. The use of pendentives by Isidore marked
the first large-scale incorporation of this constructive element, which became
distinctive of Byzantine architecture
● To create the largest interior space possible, they designed an enormous dome and
supported it using a revolutionary construction method called pendentives
● Hagia Sophia combines a longitudinal basilica and a centralised building in a unique
Byzantine way, with a huge 32m main dome supported on pendentives (triangular
segment of a spherical surface) and two semi-domes.
Key Material: It's a brick building, but only the foundation and the eight buttresses are made
of limestone.
, 2)Sydney Opera House- Sydney, Australia
Architect: Jorn Utzon, Peter Hall
Style of Architecture: Modern architecture,
Expressionist Architecture
Key Features:
● The facility features a modern expressionist design, with a series of large precast
concrete "shells", each composed of sections of a sphere of 75.2 metres (246 ft 8.6
in) radius, forming the roofs of the structure.
● The Podium: Inspired by Mayan temples, the massive concrete podium connects
the audience to the harbour.
Key Material: The structure of the building is made from reinforced concrete, and the
facades from polarised glass with steel frames. The shells are covered by white and cream
matte tiles made in Sweden.
3)Fallingwater- Pennsylvania, USA
Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright
Style of Architecture: Modern architecture,
Organic architecture
Key Features:
● Waterfall: No architectural tour of Fallingwater
is complete without seeing its crown jewel
a gushing waterfall that's part of Bear Run.
● Horizontal and vertical lines: Straight, perpendicular lines are a fixture of Fallingwater
Key Material: Composition of various materials like stone, concrete, steel, glass, and wood.
1)Hagia Sophia- Istanbul, Turkey
Architect: Byzantine Emperor Constantius
Commissioned the construction of the first Hagia
Sophia in 360 A.D.
Style of Architecture: Byzantine architecture
Key Features:
● The Hagia Sophia dome is supported by four pendentives that were built at each
corner of the square base of the cathedral. The use of pendentives by Isidore marked
the first large-scale incorporation of this constructive element, which became
distinctive of Byzantine architecture
● To create the largest interior space possible, they designed an enormous dome and
supported it using a revolutionary construction method called pendentives
● Hagia Sophia combines a longitudinal basilica and a centralised building in a unique
Byzantine way, with a huge 32m main dome supported on pendentives (triangular
segment of a spherical surface) and two semi-domes.
Key Material: It's a brick building, but only the foundation and the eight buttresses are made
of limestone.
, 2)Sydney Opera House- Sydney, Australia
Architect: Jorn Utzon, Peter Hall
Style of Architecture: Modern architecture,
Expressionist Architecture
Key Features:
● The facility features a modern expressionist design, with a series of large precast
concrete "shells", each composed of sections of a sphere of 75.2 metres (246 ft 8.6
in) radius, forming the roofs of the structure.
● The Podium: Inspired by Mayan temples, the massive concrete podium connects
the audience to the harbour.
Key Material: The structure of the building is made from reinforced concrete, and the
facades from polarised glass with steel frames. The shells are covered by white and cream
matte tiles made in Sweden.
3)Fallingwater- Pennsylvania, USA
Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright
Style of Architecture: Modern architecture,
Organic architecture
Key Features:
● Waterfall: No architectural tour of Fallingwater
is complete without seeing its crown jewel
a gushing waterfall that's part of Bear Run.
● Horizontal and vertical lines: Straight, perpendicular lines are a fixture of Fallingwater
Key Material: Composition of various materials like stone, concrete, steel, glass, and wood.
