ANIMAL BEHAVIOR DUSTIN RUBENSTEIN LEARNING WORKBOOK 2026 ANIMAL COMMUNICATION AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR DUSTIN RUBENSTEIN
LEARNING WORKBOOK 2026 ANIMAL
COMMUNICATION AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR

◉ What is evolution?
Answer: Change in traits within populations over time.


◉ What does polygenic mean?
Answer: A trait controlled by many genes.


◉ What is reinforcement?
Answer: Anything that strengthens a behavior.


◉ What is punishment?
Answer: Anything that weakens a behavior.


◉ What is positive reinforcement?
Answer: Adding a reward to increase behavior.


◉ What is negative reinforcement?
Answer: Removing something unpleasant to increase behavior.

, ◉ What is positive punishment?
Answer: Adding something unpleasant to reduce behavior.


◉ What is negative punishment?
Answer: Removing something pleasant to reduce behavior.


◉ What are proximate causes?
Answer: Short-term explanations of how a behavior occurs in an
individual.


◉ What are ultimate causes?
Answer: Long-term explanations of why a behavior exists in a
species.


◉ What is a paradigm?
Answer: A framework that shapes how scientists interpret data.


◉ What is heritability?
Answer: The degree to which genes influence a trait.


◉ What is cross-fostering?