HCD 330 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
\.Differentiate primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary prevention -
ANSWERS✔-1) Primary Prevention- avoids the development of disease; ex)
promotion activities (ie health education), smoking cessation programs,
immunization programs, and educational programs for pregnancy.
2) Secondary Prevention- activities focus on early disease detection, which
prevents progression of disease; ex) screening programs (ie high blood pressure
testing), colonoscopies, mammograms
3) Tertiary prevention- focuses on rehabilitaion and monitoring of diseased
individuals; ex) a person with high blood pressure who is taking blood pressure
medication
4) Quaternary Prevention- focuses on mitigating unnecessary efforts on
interventions that do not work and providing care that is medically acceptable
**traditional medicine focuses on #3 prevention and primary care providers focus
on #1 and #2
\.Define gross domestic product (GDP) - ANSWERS✔-Gross domestic product is
the total finished products or services that are produced in a country within a
year.
, \.Explain the milestones of medicine and medical education - ANSWERS✔-Early
medicine did not require a major course of study, training, board exams, and
licensing. In fact, clergy, tradesmen, and barbers were also medical care providers.
Often times, medical care providers relied on common sense. By 1847, the
American Medical Association (AMA) was created as a professional membership
organization for physicians that encouraged private practice. As there were many
medical schools at this time, the AMA worked to create standards of education
and practice. The Flexor Report was created in 1910 which evaluated medical
schools in Canada/U.S. that forced medical schools to develop curricula and
admission testing. IN 1965, when medicaid and medicare programs were adopted,
the government saw the need to support medical education, which resulted in
ongoing federal funding to teaching hospitals. During more recent times with the
passing of the ACA, there has been an increase in need for primary care providers
therefore schools are now focusing more on primary care curriculum initiatives.
\.Explain the milestones of nursing education - ANSWERS✔-In the mid-1800s,
physicians trained women to perform menial tasks for them. In 1854, Florence
Nightingale of England established the Nightingale Principles, which was the
foundation for nursing education. In 1860, the Nightingale Training School for
Nurses was created based off of these principles. Wars encouraged the spread of
nursing programs across seas as nurses provided critical care. By 1900, there were
400 hospital bed nursing programs. Over the next 48 years, the Goldman Report
and Brown Report were adopted for standardization implementation of nursing
programs. By 1964, the Nurse Practice Act of 1964 allowed nurses to diagnose and
prescribe medication. Studies from 2003-2008 indicated that outcomes were
more positive when a BSN-trained nurse was involved in care. These
recommendations continued to be relevant into 2019.
\.Explain the milestones of the hospital and healthcare systems - ANSWERS✔-In
the early 19th century, almshouses or poor houses were established to serve the
QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
\.Differentiate primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary prevention -
ANSWERS✔-1) Primary Prevention- avoids the development of disease; ex)
promotion activities (ie health education), smoking cessation programs,
immunization programs, and educational programs for pregnancy.
2) Secondary Prevention- activities focus on early disease detection, which
prevents progression of disease; ex) screening programs (ie high blood pressure
testing), colonoscopies, mammograms
3) Tertiary prevention- focuses on rehabilitaion and monitoring of diseased
individuals; ex) a person with high blood pressure who is taking blood pressure
medication
4) Quaternary Prevention- focuses on mitigating unnecessary efforts on
interventions that do not work and providing care that is medically acceptable
**traditional medicine focuses on #3 prevention and primary care providers focus
on #1 and #2
\.Define gross domestic product (GDP) - ANSWERS✔-Gross domestic product is
the total finished products or services that are produced in a country within a
year.
, \.Explain the milestones of medicine and medical education - ANSWERS✔-Early
medicine did not require a major course of study, training, board exams, and
licensing. In fact, clergy, tradesmen, and barbers were also medical care providers.
Often times, medical care providers relied on common sense. By 1847, the
American Medical Association (AMA) was created as a professional membership
organization for physicians that encouraged private practice. As there were many
medical schools at this time, the AMA worked to create standards of education
and practice. The Flexor Report was created in 1910 which evaluated medical
schools in Canada/U.S. that forced medical schools to develop curricula and
admission testing. IN 1965, when medicaid and medicare programs were adopted,
the government saw the need to support medical education, which resulted in
ongoing federal funding to teaching hospitals. During more recent times with the
passing of the ACA, there has been an increase in need for primary care providers
therefore schools are now focusing more on primary care curriculum initiatives.
\.Explain the milestones of nursing education - ANSWERS✔-In the mid-1800s,
physicians trained women to perform menial tasks for them. In 1854, Florence
Nightingale of England established the Nightingale Principles, which was the
foundation for nursing education. In 1860, the Nightingale Training School for
Nurses was created based off of these principles. Wars encouraged the spread of
nursing programs across seas as nurses provided critical care. By 1900, there were
400 hospital bed nursing programs. Over the next 48 years, the Goldman Report
and Brown Report were adopted for standardization implementation of nursing
programs. By 1964, the Nurse Practice Act of 1964 allowed nurses to diagnose and
prescribe medication. Studies from 2003-2008 indicated that outcomes were
more positive when a BSN-trained nurse was involved in care. These
recommendations continued to be relevant into 2019.
\.Explain the milestones of the hospital and healthcare systems - ANSWERS✔-In
the early 19th century, almshouses or poor houses were established to serve the
