PROFESSIONAL NURSING CONCEPTS AND
CHALLENGES REVISION HANDBOOK 2026
LEGAL ISSUES AND HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS
◉ What did Florence Nightingale believe about nursing education?
Answer: 1. Be financially and administratively separate from
hospitals.
2. Be trained in an educational institution supported by public funds
and associated with a medical school.
3. Curriculum includes both theory and practical experience.
4. Professional nurses should be in charge and paid for their
instruction
5. Students should be carefully selected and housed together to form
discipline and character.
6.Student records should be maintained.
◉ When were the first US training schools established? Answer:
1873
◉ Who was Linda Richards? Answer: In October 1973, she became
the first trained nurse in the US.
, ◉ By 1900, how many nursing programs were in existence? Answer:
432 hospital-owned and hospital-operated nursing programs.
◉ What distinguished diploma programs in early nursing education?
Answer: 1. Nursing students staffed the hospitals.
2. High quality nursing education was not the priority.
◉ Who was Isabel Hampton Robb? Answer: In 1899, she chaired the
American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools and
investigated ways to prepare nurses for leadership.
◉ Who was Mary Adelaide Nutting? Answer: In 1907, She was the
first nursing professor in history at the Teachers College. She
focused on students' living conditions, nursing education curricula,
and teaching methods.
◉ What nickname was Teacher's College given? Why? Answer:
"Mother House" b/c it fostered the initial movements towards
undergraduate and graduate degrees in nursing.
◉ What 5 factors did the 1923 Goldmark Report (The Study of
Nursing and Nursing Education in the United States) focus on in
nursing education? Answer: 1. Clinical learning experiences of
students.
2. Hospital control of schools
CHALLENGES REVISION HANDBOOK 2026
LEGAL ISSUES AND HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS
◉ What did Florence Nightingale believe about nursing education?
Answer: 1. Be financially and administratively separate from
hospitals.
2. Be trained in an educational institution supported by public funds
and associated with a medical school.
3. Curriculum includes both theory and practical experience.
4. Professional nurses should be in charge and paid for their
instruction
5. Students should be carefully selected and housed together to form
discipline and character.
6.Student records should be maintained.
◉ When were the first US training schools established? Answer:
1873
◉ Who was Linda Richards? Answer: In October 1973, she became
the first trained nurse in the US.
, ◉ By 1900, how many nursing programs were in existence? Answer:
432 hospital-owned and hospital-operated nursing programs.
◉ What distinguished diploma programs in early nursing education?
Answer: 1. Nursing students staffed the hospitals.
2. High quality nursing education was not the priority.
◉ Who was Isabel Hampton Robb? Answer: In 1899, she chaired the
American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools and
investigated ways to prepare nurses for leadership.
◉ Who was Mary Adelaide Nutting? Answer: In 1907, She was the
first nursing professor in history at the Teachers College. She
focused on students' living conditions, nursing education curricula,
and teaching methods.
◉ What nickname was Teacher's College given? Why? Answer:
"Mother House" b/c it fostered the initial movements towards
undergraduate and graduate degrees in nursing.
◉ What 5 factors did the 1923 Goldmark Report (The Study of
Nursing and Nursing Education in the United States) focus on in
nursing education? Answer: 1. Clinical learning experiences of
students.
2. Hospital control of schools
