ASM 275 EXAM 3 FINAL SCRIPT 2026
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
⩥ Effect of wound type on wound size.
Answer: Exit wounds are larger than entry wounds
⩥ Effect of bullet size on wound size.
Answer: - Large-caliber ammunition causes larger wounds
- Soft-tipped, hollow-point bullets cause larger wounds
- .22 generally has larger wound than .25-caliber bullet
- .25 likelier to be jacketed and thus less likely to deform
- Greater flattening of the .22 bullet because of its smaller size when
impacting relatively thick bone
- Considerable overlap btwn wounds from all calibers
⩥ Reasons for larger-than-caliber entrance wounds.
Answer: Related to bone thickness, as thick bones cause bullets to
deform more and cause larger entry wounds
⩥ Reasons for smaller-than caliber entry wounds.
,Answer: - In young individuals bones are pliable enough to bend in
slightly at bullet impact, causing a smaller hole when the bone snaps
back into place
- If the bullet collides with an intermediate object before striking the
victim the bullet may fragment before entry, causing a smaller entry hole
- Passage of a bullet through a suture or pre-existing fracture line can
cause smaller holes
⩥ Overview of fracture lines.
Answer: - Impact of bullets on bone can form fracture lines
- More powerful weapons cause more extensive fracturing
- Only research done on fracturing for the skull vault, bones of the
thorax, and long limb bones
⩥ Radiating fracture lines in the cranial vault.
Answer: - Originate at site of impact and move outward in any direction,
following areas of weakness in vault bones
- When lines encounter a foramen or other fracture line they stop or
follow the suture line for a while before continuing in the original
direction
⩥ Concentric fracture lines in the cranial vault.
Answer: - Appear as part or all of circle whose center is at the point of
bullet impact
, - Caused by intracranial pressure from bullet passing through
skull/compresses soft tissue in front of it
- Occurs later in fracturing sequence, so power can be dissipated and
stopped when it encounters radiating fracture lines
- Production of concentric lines dependent on power of weapon and due
to externally beveled projectiles
⩥ Two different types of fracture lines that occur on long bones.
Answer: - Butterfly fractures
- Irregular fractures
⩥ Cavitation.
Answer:
⩥ Butterfly fractures on long bones.
Answer: - Occur around site of bullet impact on diaphyses, appear as
lozenge-shaped lines extending along the long axis of the bone
- When the bullet strikes near the center of the bone these fractures are
bilateral, but if the bullet strikes away from center, fractures may be
unilateral
⩥ Irregular fractures on long bones.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+
⩥ Effect of wound type on wound size.
Answer: Exit wounds are larger than entry wounds
⩥ Effect of bullet size on wound size.
Answer: - Large-caliber ammunition causes larger wounds
- Soft-tipped, hollow-point bullets cause larger wounds
- .22 generally has larger wound than .25-caliber bullet
- .25 likelier to be jacketed and thus less likely to deform
- Greater flattening of the .22 bullet because of its smaller size when
impacting relatively thick bone
- Considerable overlap btwn wounds from all calibers
⩥ Reasons for larger-than-caliber entrance wounds.
Answer: Related to bone thickness, as thick bones cause bullets to
deform more and cause larger entry wounds
⩥ Reasons for smaller-than caliber entry wounds.
,Answer: - In young individuals bones are pliable enough to bend in
slightly at bullet impact, causing a smaller hole when the bone snaps
back into place
- If the bullet collides with an intermediate object before striking the
victim the bullet may fragment before entry, causing a smaller entry hole
- Passage of a bullet through a suture or pre-existing fracture line can
cause smaller holes
⩥ Overview of fracture lines.
Answer: - Impact of bullets on bone can form fracture lines
- More powerful weapons cause more extensive fracturing
- Only research done on fracturing for the skull vault, bones of the
thorax, and long limb bones
⩥ Radiating fracture lines in the cranial vault.
Answer: - Originate at site of impact and move outward in any direction,
following areas of weakness in vault bones
- When lines encounter a foramen or other fracture line they stop or
follow the suture line for a while before continuing in the original
direction
⩥ Concentric fracture lines in the cranial vault.
Answer: - Appear as part or all of circle whose center is at the point of
bullet impact
, - Caused by intracranial pressure from bullet passing through
skull/compresses soft tissue in front of it
- Occurs later in fracturing sequence, so power can be dissipated and
stopped when it encounters radiating fracture lines
- Production of concentric lines dependent on power of weapon and due
to externally beveled projectiles
⩥ Two different types of fracture lines that occur on long bones.
Answer: - Butterfly fractures
- Irregular fractures
⩥ Cavitation.
Answer:
⩥ Butterfly fractures on long bones.
Answer: - Occur around site of bullet impact on diaphyses, appear as
lozenge-shaped lines extending along the long axis of the bone
- When the bullet strikes near the center of the bone these fractures are
bilateral, but if the bullet strikes away from center, fractures may be
unilateral
⩥ Irregular fractures on long bones.
