PAPER 2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
●● cathode. Answer: the electrode at which reduction occurs. electrons
flow towards the cathode in the external ciruit
●● cathodic protection. Answer: A technique to reduce the corrosion of a
metal surface by making that surface the cathode of an electrochemical
cell.
●● corrosion. Answer: the deterioration of a material, usually a metal,
that results from a reaction with its environment.
●● corrosion inhibitor. Answer: A chemical substance or combination of
substances that, when present in the environment, prevents or reduces
corrosion.
●● crevice corrosion. Answer: localized corrosion of a metal surface at,
or immediately adjacent to, an area that is shielded from the
environment and full exposure due to the close proximity of the metal to
another surface
,●● electrolyte. Answer: A chemical substance that promotes conduction
of an electrical current
●● galvanic series. Answer: List of metals and alloys arranged according
to their corrosion potentials in a given environment (in sea water at 25
celcius)
●● generalized corrosion. Answer: Corrosion that is distributed more or
less uniformly over the surface of a material
●● localized corrosion. Answer: Occurs at discrete sites and often in
areas that are difficult to inspect
●● mill scale. Answer: The oxide layer formed during hot fabrication or
heat treatment of metals.
●● Passivation. Answer: a layer of oxides formed on the surface of a
metal that provides corrosion protection (ex stainless steel)
a reduction of the anodic reaction rate of an electrode involved in
corrosion,
●● Pitting Corrosion. Answer: Localized corrosion of a metal surface
that is confined to a small area and takes the form of cavities called pits.
,●● Return Path (Metallic Pathway). Answer: Connects the anode and
cathode, allowing passage of electrons, generated at the anode, to the
cathode
●● what are the elements of a corrosion cell. Answer: 1. Anode 2.
Cathode 3. Metallic pathway 4. Electrolyte
●● what happens at anode. Answer: oxidation. metal dissolves into
electrolyte
●● what is the function of the electrolyte. Answer: Allows the passage of
ions to connect the corrosion cell
●● what is the function of the metallic pathway. Answer: Allows the
flow of electrons to connect the corrosion cell
●● The general rules of galvanic corrosion are:. Answer: The less noble
(or more reactive) metal when connected to a more noble (or less
reactive metal) will corrode preferentially
●● name at least 5 factors that affect the rate of corrosion. Answer:
temp, humidity, chemical salts, oxygen, pollutants
, ●● General Corrosion. Answer: Uniform loss of material over an entire
surface and general thinning of affected surface
corrosion that is distributed more or less uniformly
does not cause catastrophic failures
●● Localized Corrosion. Answer: Occurs at discrete sites and often in
areas that are difficult to inspect.
concentrated and can cause catastrophic failures
●● what are some of the common tools/methods used for corrosion
control. Answer: inhibitors, design, cathodic protection, protective
coatings, splash zone systems, altering the environment
●● Coatings Specification. Answer: Formal, structured document
containing information on a project (scope, terms, schedule, inspection,
etc.)
●● Instrument Calibration History Reports. Answer: Reports that
normally contain information on how frequently each instrument is to be
or has been calibrated.