PNB 2265 Exam 3 questions and answers 2026\2027 A+
Grade
Integrated meal response
- correct answer path of food from mouth to rectum
Integrated meal response phases
- correct answer cephalic
gastric
intestinal
colonic
Two parts of GI tract
- correct answer alimentary canal
accessory organs
Alimentary canal
- correct answer mouth
esophagus
stomach
small intestines
large intestines
rectum
Accessory organs of GI trac
- correct answer salivary glands
,liver
pancreas
gallbladder
Peritoneum
- correct answer serous membrane that surrounds GI system that is different from others bc it folds in
on itself and btwn the folds are fat deposits
-made of parietal and visceral with peritoneal fluid between
Parietal peritoneum
- correct answer layer of serous membrane that lines the walls of the abdominal cavity
Visceral peritoneum
- correct answer layer of serous membrane that covers the surface of organs
Order of tissue layers in GI tract (wall to lumen)
- correct answer serosa
muscularis
submucosa
mucosa
Serosa
- correct answer outer layer of tube that is connective tissue wrapper that holds things together,
protects them, and is site of attachment
Muscularis externa
- correct answer smooth muscle layer that has two layers, one longitudinal outer layer and one circular
inner layer with a myenteric plexis layer btwn
Muscularis externa layers (lumen to outer)
- correct answer circular layer
myenteric plexis
,Longitudinal layer
Myenteric plexis
- correct answer nerve tissue layer btwn the layers of the muscularis externa that controls smooth
muscle contraction and is under involuntary control by parasympathetic stimulation
Longitudinal layer muscularis externa
- correct answer outer layer that gives you contractions that will make the tube shorter or longer
(controls length)
Circular layer muscularis externa
- correct answer inner layer that controls radius of the tube
Submucosa
- correct answer loose connective tissue that binds things together. Has large blood vessels, large
lymphatic vessels (galt), and nerves
Galt
- correct answer submucosa (gut) associated lymphatic tissue that has a lot of immune cells since this is
a point of entry for pathogens
Mucosa layers
- correct answer muscularis mucosae
lamino propria
epithelium layer
Muscularis mucosae
- correct answer mucosa layer that is the muscle part that shapes the surface of the mucosal layer
Lamina propria
- correct answer connective tissue mucosal layer with tiny vessels (capillaries) and small lymphatic
vessels
, Epithelium layer (mucosa)
- correct answer mucosa layer closest to lumen that has specializations depending on where in the GI
tract
-has enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells, and mucin-producing cells
Submucosal plexus
- correct answer nerves in the submucosa layer
Enterodendocrine cells
- correct answer secretory cells in epithelia of mucosa
Enterocytes
- correct answer cells that do absorption in epithelia of mucosa
Mucin-producing cells
- correct answer mucous producing cells in epithelia of mucosa
Peristalsis
- correct answer motility of GI tract that produces forward movment
-contraction of smooth muscle behind bolus to create high pressure behind and low pressure in front
-found in esophagus, stomach, weak in small intestines, infrequently in large intestine
Segmentation
- correct answer Coordinating contractions in front and behind to create mixing
-proximal and distal contractions
-faster frequency behind to still slightly push things forward
-primarily in small intestines
Phasic contractions
- correct answer quick contractions that produce movement (peristalsis and segmentation)
Grade
Integrated meal response
- correct answer path of food from mouth to rectum
Integrated meal response phases
- correct answer cephalic
gastric
intestinal
colonic
Two parts of GI tract
- correct answer alimentary canal
accessory organs
Alimentary canal
- correct answer mouth
esophagus
stomach
small intestines
large intestines
rectum
Accessory organs of GI trac
- correct answer salivary glands
,liver
pancreas
gallbladder
Peritoneum
- correct answer serous membrane that surrounds GI system that is different from others bc it folds in
on itself and btwn the folds are fat deposits
-made of parietal and visceral with peritoneal fluid between
Parietal peritoneum
- correct answer layer of serous membrane that lines the walls of the abdominal cavity
Visceral peritoneum
- correct answer layer of serous membrane that covers the surface of organs
Order of tissue layers in GI tract (wall to lumen)
- correct answer serosa
muscularis
submucosa
mucosa
Serosa
- correct answer outer layer of tube that is connective tissue wrapper that holds things together,
protects them, and is site of attachment
Muscularis externa
- correct answer smooth muscle layer that has two layers, one longitudinal outer layer and one circular
inner layer with a myenteric plexis layer btwn
Muscularis externa layers (lumen to outer)
- correct answer circular layer
myenteric plexis
,Longitudinal layer
Myenteric plexis
- correct answer nerve tissue layer btwn the layers of the muscularis externa that controls smooth
muscle contraction and is under involuntary control by parasympathetic stimulation
Longitudinal layer muscularis externa
- correct answer outer layer that gives you contractions that will make the tube shorter or longer
(controls length)
Circular layer muscularis externa
- correct answer inner layer that controls radius of the tube
Submucosa
- correct answer loose connective tissue that binds things together. Has large blood vessels, large
lymphatic vessels (galt), and nerves
Galt
- correct answer submucosa (gut) associated lymphatic tissue that has a lot of immune cells since this is
a point of entry for pathogens
Mucosa layers
- correct answer muscularis mucosae
lamino propria
epithelium layer
Muscularis mucosae
- correct answer mucosa layer that is the muscle part that shapes the surface of the mucosal layer
Lamina propria
- correct answer connective tissue mucosal layer with tiny vessels (capillaries) and small lymphatic
vessels
, Epithelium layer (mucosa)
- correct answer mucosa layer closest to lumen that has specializations depending on where in the GI
tract
-has enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells, and mucin-producing cells
Submucosal plexus
- correct answer nerves in the submucosa layer
Enterodendocrine cells
- correct answer secretory cells in epithelia of mucosa
Enterocytes
- correct answer cells that do absorption in epithelia of mucosa
Mucin-producing cells
- correct answer mucous producing cells in epithelia of mucosa
Peristalsis
- correct answer motility of GI tract that produces forward movment
-contraction of smooth muscle behind bolus to create high pressure behind and low pressure in front
-found in esophagus, stomach, weak in small intestines, infrequently in large intestine
Segmentation
- correct answer Coordinating contractions in front and behind to create mixing
-proximal and distal contractions
-faster frequency behind to still slightly push things forward
-primarily in small intestines
Phasic contractions
- correct answer quick contractions that produce movement (peristalsis and segmentation)
