, SOLUTION MANUAL FOR Harbrace Essentials 4th Edition Glenn
Important Notes
The file includes the complete test bank, organized chapter by chapter.
A sample of selected pages has been provided for preview.
All available appendices and Excel files (if included in the original resources) are
provided.
We continuously update our files to ensure you receive the latest and most accurate
editions.
New editions are added regularly – stay connected for updates!
✅ Why Buy From Us?
📚 Complete & organized chapter-by-chapter – no missing content, no guessing.
⚡ Instant digital delivery – get your file the moment you pay, no waiting.
📅 Always up to date – we track new editions so you always get the latest version.
💬 Friendly support – real humans ready to help, anytime you need us.
🔒 Safe & secure – thousands of satisfied students trust us every semester.
🛡️Our Guarantees
💰 Money-Back Guarantee: Not satisfied? We offer a full refund – no questions asked.
🔄 Wrong File? No Problem: Contact us and we will replace it immediately with the
correct version, free of charge.
⏰ 24/7 Support: We are always here – reach out anytime and expect a fast response.
Contact Email:
,Answer Key for the Exercises in
Harbrace Essentials with Resources for
Writing in the Disciplines, 4e.
There aren’t any chapter exercises in Harbrace Essentials for the following chapters:
PART I: WRITING.
1. Reading, Writing, and the Rhetorical Situation.
2. Planning and Drafting Essays.
3. Developing Paragraphs.
4. Revising and Editing Essays.
5. Critical Reading and Textual Analysis.
6. Writing Arguments.
7. Designing Documents.
PART II: RESEARCH.
8. Planning Research.
9. Finding Appropriate Sources.10. Evaluating Print and Online Sources.
11. Using Sources Critically and Responsibly.
PART IX: WRITING IN THE DISCIPLINES.
40. Writing about Literature.
41. Writing in the Social Sciences.
42. Writing in the Humanities.
43. Writing in the Natural Sciences.
44. Writing in Business.
© 2025 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 1
website, in whole or in part.
,CHAPTER 12: CREDITING OTHERS AND AVOIDING PLAGIARISM
EXERCISES 12.1
1. Problematic—no author name
2. CORRECT
3. Problematic—inaccurate paraphrase
4. Problematic-paraphrase is too close to original
5. CORRECT
6. Problematic—dropped quotation
CHAPTER 17: SENTENCE ESSENTIALS
EXERCISE 17.1
1. Hey (interjection), are (verb-linking) you (pronoun) a (article-indefinite) fan (noun-common) of
(preposition) both (with and, conjunction-correlative) anime (noun-common) and (with both,
conjunction-correlative) manga (noun-common)?
2. If (conjunction-subordinating) you (pronoun) are (verb), you (pronoun) should (verb-auxiliary) join
(verb) the (article-definite) University Anime and Manga Club (noun-proper).
3. Every (adjective) Tuesday (noun-proper) at (preposition) noon (noun-common), we (pronoun) watch
(verb) current (adjective) anime (noun-common) or (conjunction-coordinating) swap (verb) favorite
(adjective) manga (noun-common).
4. Memberships (noun-common) are (verb) free (adjective); however (conjunction-adverbial [also called
conjunctive adverb]), donations (noun-common) are (verb) always (adverb) welcome (adjective).
5. Whenever (conjunction-subordinating) you (pronoun) have (verb) time (noun-common), you (pronoun)
can (verb-auxiliary) simply (adverb) look (verb) for (preposition) us (pronoun) in (preposition) the
(article-definite) Student Union (noun-proper).
EXERCISE 17.2
A slash separates the subject and predicate in each sentence. The complement is underlined and
identified in square brackets.
1. Few people / use coins today. [indirect object, direct object]
2. Some laundromats and meters / require quarters still. [direct object, “still” is an adverb]
3. Coins teach us history. [no complement]
4. The United States Mint / opened in 1772. [no complement, “in 1772” is an adverbial prepositional
phrase]
5. The Mint / was in Philadelphia. [subject complement]
6. It / delivered the first coins in 1773. [direct object, “in 1773” is an adverbial prepositional phrase]
7. Production / was a slow process. [subject complement]
8. Americans / called copper coins pennies. [direct object, object complement]
© 2025 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 2
website, in whole or in part.
,9. Other coins / contained silver or gold. [direct object]
10. Abraham Lincoln's portrait / appeared on pennies in 1909. [no complement, “on pennies” and “in
1909” are adverbial prepositional phrases]
EXERCISE 17.3
1. After the Second World War [prepositional phrase], fifty-one countries [noun phrase] formed the
United Nations [noun phrase], an international organization dedicated to peace, tolerance, and
cooperation [noun phrase/appositive phrase].
2. The Charter of the United Nations [noun phrase] was written [verb phrase] in 1945 [prepositional
phrase].
3. According to this charter [prepositional phrase], the United Nations may address [verb phrase] a wide
range of issues [prepositional phrase].
4. The United Nations [noun phrase] devotes most of its energies to protecting human rights [verbal
phrase: gerund], maintaining peace [verbal phrase: gerund], and encouraging social development
[verbal phrase: gerund].
5. To reach its goals [verbal phrase: infinitive], the United Nations depends on funding from its member
states [prepositional phrase].
6. Its blue flag easily recognized everywhere [absolute phrase], the United Nations now includes 193
member states [noun phrase].
7. Symbolizing peace [verbal phrase: participial], the emblem on the flag [prepositional phrase] is a map
enclosed by olive branches [verbal phrase: participial].
EXERCISE 17.4
Sentence 1
1. If you live by the sword [adverbial]
2. If: subordinating conjunction
Sentence 2
1. If you make your living by swallowing swords [adverbial]
2. However: adverbial conjunction / if: subordinating conjunction
Sentence 3
1. after they surveyed forty-six professional sword swallowers [adverbial clause]
2. after: subordinating conjunction
Sentence 4
1. No dependent clauses
2. and: coordinating conjunction
Sentence 5
1. that they had experienced either “sword throats” or chest pains [noun clause] / who let their swords
drop to their stomachs [adjectival clause with relative pronoun who] / they reviewed [adjectival
clause with relative pronoun that omitted]
© 2025 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 3
website, in whole or in part.
,2. that: subordinating conjunction
either . . . or: correlative conjunction
and: coordinating conjunction
but: coordinating conjunction
Sentence 6
1. No dependent clauses
2. No conjunctions
CHAPTER 18: SENTENCE FRAGMENTS
EXERCISE 18.1
Sentences 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, and 13 are fragments.
Answers will vary. The following is one possible revision of the paragraph.
One of the most popular rides at any county fair or amusement park is the Ferris wheel. The original
Ferris wheel, designed by George Washington Gale Ferris, Jr., for a national exposition in 1893, rose to
a height of 264 feet and accommodated 2140 passengers. Ferris’s goal was to build something that
would surpass in effect the Eiffel Tower, which was constructed just a few years earlier. Though Ferris’s
plans were not immediately accepted, once they were, and the wheel opened to the public, it became
an immediate success, at times carrying 38,000 passengers a day. Since the nineteenth century,
engineers have designed taller and taller Ferris wheels. The 541-foot Singapore Flyer holds the record,
but the Beijing Great Wheel, currently under construction, will be over a hundred feet taller.
CHAPTER 19: COMMA SPLICES AND FUSED SENTENCES
EXERCISES 19.1
Some answers will vary. Possibilities are provided.
1. CORRECT
2. Gudrid Thorbjarnadóttir grew up before the year 1000 in Norway, married in Iceland, and later
settled in Greenland. When word of lands farther west arrived, Gudrid and her husband sailed to
the shores of Vinland, as the Norse called this region.
3. CORRECT
4. “She had eaten wild grapes in Vinland,” Price writes; now “she would taste Mediterranean wines
under the Italian sun" (503).
5. Bok recognizes that not everyone’s income increased but notes that, strangely enough, the disparity
between rich and poor did not cause increased dissatisfaction among the poor. He cites further
studies showing that citizens in countries with costly welfare programs were not necessarily happier
than citizens in countries with welfare programs that are not as generous.
© 2025 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 4
website, in whole or in part.
,CHAPTER 20: VERBS
EXERCISE 20.1
1. suffers
2. ended
3. must have smiled
4. led
5. was called
6. might not have
EXERCISE 20.2
Answers will vary depending on the tense chosen. All the sentences in the following paragraph are in
the past tense.
I had already been walking for a half hour in the semi-darkness of Amsterdam’s early-morning
streets when I came to a red traffic signal. I was in a hurry to get to the train station and no cars were
out yet, so I crossed over the cobblestones, passing a man waiting for the light to change. I never
looked back when he scolded me for breaking the law. I had a train to catch. I was going to Widnau,
in Switzerland, to see Aunt Marie. I had not seen her since I was in second grade.
EXERCISE 20.3
1. passive
2. active
3. passive
4. passive
5. active
6. passive
EXERCISE 20.4
1. The planners of Apollo 13 acted as if the number 13 were a lucky number.
2. Superstitious people think that if NASA had changed the number of the mission, the astronauts
would have had a safer journey.
© 2025 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 5
website, in whole or in part.
,3. They also believe that if the lunar landing had been scheduled for a day other than Friday the
Thirteenth, the crew would not have encountered any problems.
4. The crew used the lunar module as though it were a lifeboat.
5. After the successful splashdown, NASA administrators required that an investigative board be
established.
6. If NASA ever planned a space mission on Friday the Thirteenth again, the public would object.
EXERCISE 20.5
1. Researching and collaborating with peers is common at universities.
2. One of the best features of libraries is the quiet room.
3. Either of the two libraries on campus has a circulation desk.
4. The list of databases is extensive.
5. Surrounded by stacks of books, the librarian settled down to sort them.
6. The teacher, along with her students, used the card catalogues.
7. What many people do not realize about libraries is that they offer more than just books and
computer access.
CHAPTER 21: PRONOUNS
EXERCISE 21.1
Answers will vary. The following are possibilities.
1
When my brother and I were in middle school, we formed a band with our friends Jason and
Andrew. 2My grandmother had given Jake a guitar and me a drum kit for Christmas. 3We practiced
either alone or together for the rest of the winter. 4Then, in the spring, we met up with Jason, whom we
had known for years. 5He and his cousin Andrew, whom we later called Android, were excited to join
Jake and me. 6Jason already had a guitar, and Andrew could sing. 7After we played together one
afternoon, we decided to call ourselves The Crash. 8Jason and Andrew came over to our house to jam
whenever their parents let them—which was most of the time. 9Our parents did not mind our noise at
all. 10My dad said our playing reminded him of his own teenage garage band.
EXERCISE 21.2
1. The board of directors has asked you and me to conduct a customer survey.
2. They also recommended our hiring someone with extensive experience in statistical analysis.
3. Whoever understands statistics should take the lead on this project.
4. CORRECT
5. The directors recognize your expertise and will surely approve of your taking the lead.
EXERCISE 21.3
Answers will vary. The following are possibilities.
© 2025 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 6
website, in whole or in part.
,1. Researchers rely on a number of principles to help them make ethical decisions.
2. People should have the right to participate in a study only if they feel comfortable doing so.
3. A team of researchers should provide their volunteers with consent forms, in which they describe to
the volunteers the procedures and risks involved in participation.
4. Participants should be guaranteed that the information they provide will remain confidential.
5. Institutions of higher education require that researchers address ethical issues in their proposals.
EXERCISE 21.4
Answers will vary. The following are possibilities.
1. A singer, songwriter, and human rights activist, Joan Baez is one of today’s most inspirational public
figures.
2. Because her father worked for the United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO), Baez lived in many different countries as a young girl.
3. Baez recorded her first album when she was only nineteen years old.
4. Baez and her younger sister, Mimi Fariña, also a singer-songwriter, sometimes toured together.
5. At its general meeting in 2011, the human-rights organization Amnesty International gave Baez a
special reward for her inspirational activism.
6. In 2017, Baez was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for her influence on the development
of rock in the 1960s.
EXERCISE 21.5
Answers will vary. The following is one possibility.
1. CORRECT
2. Daylight Savings Time was not adopted until 1918 as a fuel-saving measure during World War I.
3. Today most, but not all, states set their clocks forward in March.
4. Most people hate to reset clocks in the spring but enjoy the extra hour of sleep in November.
© 2025 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 7
website, in whole or in part.
, EXERCISE 21.6
Answers will vary. The following are possibilities.
1. Some animals should be as free as humans.
2. For example, orangutans, African elephants, and Atlantic bottlenose dolphins should roam freely
rather than be held in captivity.
3. They should not be used in zoo exhibits or for medical research.
4. Like humans, animals such as these show emotions, self-awareness, and intention.
5. They may even use language to communicate.
6. Clearly, they have the right to freedom.
CHAPTER 22: MODIFIERS
EXERCISE 22.1
1. uncomfortable
2. really
3. well (instead of good)
4. quietly
5. deeply (Note, however, that deep can be used as an adverb in some expressions such as run deep.)
EXERCISE 22.2
1. most common
2. greater
3. drier
4. more aggressively
5. *(no response provided)
6. The longest-lived
EXERCISE 22.3
Answers will vary. The following are possibilities.
1. The son of a poultry dealer, Alfred Hitchcock was born in London.
2. Alfred Hitchcock was identified with thrillers only after making his third movie, The Lodger.
3. Hitchcock’s most famous movies revolved around psychological improbabilities. These thrillers are
still discussed by movie critics today.
4. Although his movies are known for suspense, sometimes moviegoers also remember Hitchcock’s
droll sense of humor.
5. Hitchcock did not just direct movie thrillers; he also produced two television series.
6. Originally a British citizen, Alfred Hitchcock was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1980.
© 2025 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 8
website, in whole or in part.
Important Notes
The file includes the complete test bank, organized chapter by chapter.
A sample of selected pages has been provided for preview.
All available appendices and Excel files (if included in the original resources) are
provided.
We continuously update our files to ensure you receive the latest and most accurate
editions.
New editions are added regularly – stay connected for updates!
✅ Why Buy From Us?
📚 Complete & organized chapter-by-chapter – no missing content, no guessing.
⚡ Instant digital delivery – get your file the moment you pay, no waiting.
📅 Always up to date – we track new editions so you always get the latest version.
💬 Friendly support – real humans ready to help, anytime you need us.
🔒 Safe & secure – thousands of satisfied students trust us every semester.
🛡️Our Guarantees
💰 Money-Back Guarantee: Not satisfied? We offer a full refund – no questions asked.
🔄 Wrong File? No Problem: Contact us and we will replace it immediately with the
correct version, free of charge.
⏰ 24/7 Support: We are always here – reach out anytime and expect a fast response.
Contact Email:
,Answer Key for the Exercises in
Harbrace Essentials with Resources for
Writing in the Disciplines, 4e.
There aren’t any chapter exercises in Harbrace Essentials for the following chapters:
PART I: WRITING.
1. Reading, Writing, and the Rhetorical Situation.
2. Planning and Drafting Essays.
3. Developing Paragraphs.
4. Revising and Editing Essays.
5. Critical Reading and Textual Analysis.
6. Writing Arguments.
7. Designing Documents.
PART II: RESEARCH.
8. Planning Research.
9. Finding Appropriate Sources.10. Evaluating Print and Online Sources.
11. Using Sources Critically and Responsibly.
PART IX: WRITING IN THE DISCIPLINES.
40. Writing about Literature.
41. Writing in the Social Sciences.
42. Writing in the Humanities.
43. Writing in the Natural Sciences.
44. Writing in Business.
© 2025 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 1
website, in whole or in part.
,CHAPTER 12: CREDITING OTHERS AND AVOIDING PLAGIARISM
EXERCISES 12.1
1. Problematic—no author name
2. CORRECT
3. Problematic—inaccurate paraphrase
4. Problematic-paraphrase is too close to original
5. CORRECT
6. Problematic—dropped quotation
CHAPTER 17: SENTENCE ESSENTIALS
EXERCISE 17.1
1. Hey (interjection), are (verb-linking) you (pronoun) a (article-indefinite) fan (noun-common) of
(preposition) both (with and, conjunction-correlative) anime (noun-common) and (with both,
conjunction-correlative) manga (noun-common)?
2. If (conjunction-subordinating) you (pronoun) are (verb), you (pronoun) should (verb-auxiliary) join
(verb) the (article-definite) University Anime and Manga Club (noun-proper).
3. Every (adjective) Tuesday (noun-proper) at (preposition) noon (noun-common), we (pronoun) watch
(verb) current (adjective) anime (noun-common) or (conjunction-coordinating) swap (verb) favorite
(adjective) manga (noun-common).
4. Memberships (noun-common) are (verb) free (adjective); however (conjunction-adverbial [also called
conjunctive adverb]), donations (noun-common) are (verb) always (adverb) welcome (adjective).
5. Whenever (conjunction-subordinating) you (pronoun) have (verb) time (noun-common), you (pronoun)
can (verb-auxiliary) simply (adverb) look (verb) for (preposition) us (pronoun) in (preposition) the
(article-definite) Student Union (noun-proper).
EXERCISE 17.2
A slash separates the subject and predicate in each sentence. The complement is underlined and
identified in square brackets.
1. Few people / use coins today. [indirect object, direct object]
2. Some laundromats and meters / require quarters still. [direct object, “still” is an adverb]
3. Coins teach us history. [no complement]
4. The United States Mint / opened in 1772. [no complement, “in 1772” is an adverbial prepositional
phrase]
5. The Mint / was in Philadelphia. [subject complement]
6. It / delivered the first coins in 1773. [direct object, “in 1773” is an adverbial prepositional phrase]
7. Production / was a slow process. [subject complement]
8. Americans / called copper coins pennies. [direct object, object complement]
© 2025 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 2
website, in whole or in part.
,9. Other coins / contained silver or gold. [direct object]
10. Abraham Lincoln's portrait / appeared on pennies in 1909. [no complement, “on pennies” and “in
1909” are adverbial prepositional phrases]
EXERCISE 17.3
1. After the Second World War [prepositional phrase], fifty-one countries [noun phrase] formed the
United Nations [noun phrase], an international organization dedicated to peace, tolerance, and
cooperation [noun phrase/appositive phrase].
2. The Charter of the United Nations [noun phrase] was written [verb phrase] in 1945 [prepositional
phrase].
3. According to this charter [prepositional phrase], the United Nations may address [verb phrase] a wide
range of issues [prepositional phrase].
4. The United Nations [noun phrase] devotes most of its energies to protecting human rights [verbal
phrase: gerund], maintaining peace [verbal phrase: gerund], and encouraging social development
[verbal phrase: gerund].
5. To reach its goals [verbal phrase: infinitive], the United Nations depends on funding from its member
states [prepositional phrase].
6. Its blue flag easily recognized everywhere [absolute phrase], the United Nations now includes 193
member states [noun phrase].
7. Symbolizing peace [verbal phrase: participial], the emblem on the flag [prepositional phrase] is a map
enclosed by olive branches [verbal phrase: participial].
EXERCISE 17.4
Sentence 1
1. If you live by the sword [adverbial]
2. If: subordinating conjunction
Sentence 2
1. If you make your living by swallowing swords [adverbial]
2. However: adverbial conjunction / if: subordinating conjunction
Sentence 3
1. after they surveyed forty-six professional sword swallowers [adverbial clause]
2. after: subordinating conjunction
Sentence 4
1. No dependent clauses
2. and: coordinating conjunction
Sentence 5
1. that they had experienced either “sword throats” or chest pains [noun clause] / who let their swords
drop to their stomachs [adjectival clause with relative pronoun who] / they reviewed [adjectival
clause with relative pronoun that omitted]
© 2025 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 3
website, in whole or in part.
,2. that: subordinating conjunction
either . . . or: correlative conjunction
and: coordinating conjunction
but: coordinating conjunction
Sentence 6
1. No dependent clauses
2. No conjunctions
CHAPTER 18: SENTENCE FRAGMENTS
EXERCISE 18.1
Sentences 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, and 13 are fragments.
Answers will vary. The following is one possible revision of the paragraph.
One of the most popular rides at any county fair or amusement park is the Ferris wheel. The original
Ferris wheel, designed by George Washington Gale Ferris, Jr., for a national exposition in 1893, rose to
a height of 264 feet and accommodated 2140 passengers. Ferris’s goal was to build something that
would surpass in effect the Eiffel Tower, which was constructed just a few years earlier. Though Ferris’s
plans were not immediately accepted, once they were, and the wheel opened to the public, it became
an immediate success, at times carrying 38,000 passengers a day. Since the nineteenth century,
engineers have designed taller and taller Ferris wheels. The 541-foot Singapore Flyer holds the record,
but the Beijing Great Wheel, currently under construction, will be over a hundred feet taller.
CHAPTER 19: COMMA SPLICES AND FUSED SENTENCES
EXERCISES 19.1
Some answers will vary. Possibilities are provided.
1. CORRECT
2. Gudrid Thorbjarnadóttir grew up before the year 1000 in Norway, married in Iceland, and later
settled in Greenland. When word of lands farther west arrived, Gudrid and her husband sailed to
the shores of Vinland, as the Norse called this region.
3. CORRECT
4. “She had eaten wild grapes in Vinland,” Price writes; now “she would taste Mediterranean wines
under the Italian sun" (503).
5. Bok recognizes that not everyone’s income increased but notes that, strangely enough, the disparity
between rich and poor did not cause increased dissatisfaction among the poor. He cites further
studies showing that citizens in countries with costly welfare programs were not necessarily happier
than citizens in countries with welfare programs that are not as generous.
© 2025 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 4
website, in whole or in part.
,CHAPTER 20: VERBS
EXERCISE 20.1
1. suffers
2. ended
3. must have smiled
4. led
5. was called
6. might not have
EXERCISE 20.2
Answers will vary depending on the tense chosen. All the sentences in the following paragraph are in
the past tense.
I had already been walking for a half hour in the semi-darkness of Amsterdam’s early-morning
streets when I came to a red traffic signal. I was in a hurry to get to the train station and no cars were
out yet, so I crossed over the cobblestones, passing a man waiting for the light to change. I never
looked back when he scolded me for breaking the law. I had a train to catch. I was going to Widnau,
in Switzerland, to see Aunt Marie. I had not seen her since I was in second grade.
EXERCISE 20.3
1. passive
2. active
3. passive
4. passive
5. active
6. passive
EXERCISE 20.4
1. The planners of Apollo 13 acted as if the number 13 were a lucky number.
2. Superstitious people think that if NASA had changed the number of the mission, the astronauts
would have had a safer journey.
© 2025 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 5
website, in whole or in part.
,3. They also believe that if the lunar landing had been scheduled for a day other than Friday the
Thirteenth, the crew would not have encountered any problems.
4. The crew used the lunar module as though it were a lifeboat.
5. After the successful splashdown, NASA administrators required that an investigative board be
established.
6. If NASA ever planned a space mission on Friday the Thirteenth again, the public would object.
EXERCISE 20.5
1. Researching and collaborating with peers is common at universities.
2. One of the best features of libraries is the quiet room.
3. Either of the two libraries on campus has a circulation desk.
4. The list of databases is extensive.
5. Surrounded by stacks of books, the librarian settled down to sort them.
6. The teacher, along with her students, used the card catalogues.
7. What many people do not realize about libraries is that they offer more than just books and
computer access.
CHAPTER 21: PRONOUNS
EXERCISE 21.1
Answers will vary. The following are possibilities.
1
When my brother and I were in middle school, we formed a band with our friends Jason and
Andrew. 2My grandmother had given Jake a guitar and me a drum kit for Christmas. 3We practiced
either alone or together for the rest of the winter. 4Then, in the spring, we met up with Jason, whom we
had known for years. 5He and his cousin Andrew, whom we later called Android, were excited to join
Jake and me. 6Jason already had a guitar, and Andrew could sing. 7After we played together one
afternoon, we decided to call ourselves The Crash. 8Jason and Andrew came over to our house to jam
whenever their parents let them—which was most of the time. 9Our parents did not mind our noise at
all. 10My dad said our playing reminded him of his own teenage garage band.
EXERCISE 21.2
1. The board of directors has asked you and me to conduct a customer survey.
2. They also recommended our hiring someone with extensive experience in statistical analysis.
3. Whoever understands statistics should take the lead on this project.
4. CORRECT
5. The directors recognize your expertise and will surely approve of your taking the lead.
EXERCISE 21.3
Answers will vary. The following are possibilities.
© 2025 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 6
website, in whole or in part.
,1. Researchers rely on a number of principles to help them make ethical decisions.
2. People should have the right to participate in a study only if they feel comfortable doing so.
3. A team of researchers should provide their volunteers with consent forms, in which they describe to
the volunteers the procedures and risks involved in participation.
4. Participants should be guaranteed that the information they provide will remain confidential.
5. Institutions of higher education require that researchers address ethical issues in their proposals.
EXERCISE 21.4
Answers will vary. The following are possibilities.
1. A singer, songwriter, and human rights activist, Joan Baez is one of today’s most inspirational public
figures.
2. Because her father worked for the United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO), Baez lived in many different countries as a young girl.
3. Baez recorded her first album when she was only nineteen years old.
4. Baez and her younger sister, Mimi Fariña, also a singer-songwriter, sometimes toured together.
5. At its general meeting in 2011, the human-rights organization Amnesty International gave Baez a
special reward for her inspirational activism.
6. In 2017, Baez was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for her influence on the development
of rock in the 1960s.
EXERCISE 21.5
Answers will vary. The following is one possibility.
1. CORRECT
2. Daylight Savings Time was not adopted until 1918 as a fuel-saving measure during World War I.
3. Today most, but not all, states set their clocks forward in March.
4. Most people hate to reset clocks in the spring but enjoy the extra hour of sleep in November.
© 2025 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 7
website, in whole or in part.
, EXERCISE 21.6
Answers will vary. The following are possibilities.
1. Some animals should be as free as humans.
2. For example, orangutans, African elephants, and Atlantic bottlenose dolphins should roam freely
rather than be held in captivity.
3. They should not be used in zoo exhibits or for medical research.
4. Like humans, animals such as these show emotions, self-awareness, and intention.
5. They may even use language to communicate.
6. Clearly, they have the right to freedom.
CHAPTER 22: MODIFIERS
EXERCISE 22.1
1. uncomfortable
2. really
3. well (instead of good)
4. quietly
5. deeply (Note, however, that deep can be used as an adverb in some expressions such as run deep.)
EXERCISE 22.2
1. most common
2. greater
3. drier
4. more aggressively
5. *(no response provided)
6. The longest-lived
EXERCISE 22.3
Answers will vary. The following are possibilities.
1. The son of a poultry dealer, Alfred Hitchcock was born in London.
2. Alfred Hitchcock was identified with thrillers only after making his third movie, The Lodger.
3. Hitchcock’s most famous movies revolved around psychological improbabilities. These thrillers are
still discussed by movie critics today.
4. Although his movies are known for suspense, sometimes moviegoers also remember Hitchcock’s
droll sense of humor.
5. Hitchcock did not just direct movie thrillers; he also produced two television series.
6. Originally a British citizen, Alfred Hitchcock was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1980.
© 2025 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 8
website, in whole or in part.
