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BIOLOGY 0610/41
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) October/November 2025
1 hour 15 minutes
You must answer on the question paper.
No additional materials are needed.
INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.
INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 80.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
This document has 20 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.
DC (PB/SW) 344040/6
© UCLES 2025 [Turn over
, * 0000800000002 * DFD
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
2
, ,
1 (a) Fig. 1.1 shows drawings of seven species of bacteria.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
A B C
D E F
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
G
not to scale
Fig. 1.1
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
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0610/41/O/N/25
, * 0000800000003 * DFD
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
3
, ,
Use the key to identify each species of bacteria in Fig. 1.1.
Write the letter of each species (A to G) in the correct box beside the key.
One has been done for you.
key
(a) hair‑like structure or structures visible go to 2
1
(b) no hair‑like structures visible go to 4
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
(a) more than one hair‑like structure go to 3
2
(b) one hair‑like structure only Vibrio cholerae
(a) hair‑like structures attached at one end only Helicobacter pylori
3
(b) hair‑like structures attached all over Salmonella typhi
(a) bacteria have a spiral shape Treponema pallidum
4
(b) bacteria do not have a spiral shape go to 5
(a) bacteria are grouped to form a chain go to 6
5
(b) bacteria do not form a chain Staphylococcus aureus
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
(a) bacteria in the chain are cylindrical in shape Streptobacillus moniliformis
6
(b) bacteria in the chain are circular in shape Streptococcus pyogenes F
[3]
(b) (i) A cylinder‑shaped bacterium has a length of 2 μm and a diameter of 0.5 μm.
Calculate:
• the radius of this bacterium
• the volume of this bacterium.
Include the units in your answers.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
Space for working.
radius ......................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
volume ......................................
[4]
(ii) State the name of the kingdom that bacteria belong to.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
Ĭ×Ċ®Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊßú¸þ×
© UCLES 2025 ĬÝòñÐĬĝĬàîñÐăÎæ²ĦĂ
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0610/41/O/N/25 [Turn over
, ,
Cambridge IGCSE™
¬W. 4mHuOªE^z6W
¬]sqUª¥nbuzvPB
¥ u5e5uu E 55U
* 4 5 2 8 8 1 2 1 0 4 *
BIOLOGY 0610/41
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) October/November 2025
1 hour 15 minutes
You must answer on the question paper.
No additional materials are needed.
INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.
INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 80.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
This document has 20 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.
DC (PB/SW) 344040/6
© UCLES 2025 [Turn over
, * 0000800000002 * DFD
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
2
, ,
1 (a) Fig. 1.1 shows drawings of seven species of bacteria.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
A B C
D E F
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
G
not to scale
Fig. 1.1
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
ĬÕĊ®Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊßü¸þ×
© UCLES 2025 ĬÝñòØĞġĜÙČĀę×æò²ĖĂ
ĥÕĥĕõõĥÕŵÕÅÅÕĥõĕÕ
0610/41/O/N/25
, * 0000800000003 * DFD
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
3
, ,
Use the key to identify each species of bacteria in Fig. 1.1.
Write the letter of each species (A to G) in the correct box beside the key.
One has been done for you.
key
(a) hair‑like structure or structures visible go to 2
1
(b) no hair‑like structures visible go to 4
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
(a) more than one hair‑like structure go to 3
2
(b) one hair‑like structure only Vibrio cholerae
(a) hair‑like structures attached at one end only Helicobacter pylori
3
(b) hair‑like structures attached all over Salmonella typhi
(a) bacteria have a spiral shape Treponema pallidum
4
(b) bacteria do not have a spiral shape go to 5
(a) bacteria are grouped to form a chain go to 6
5
(b) bacteria do not form a chain Staphylococcus aureus
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
(a) bacteria in the chain are cylindrical in shape Streptobacillus moniliformis
6
(b) bacteria in the chain are circular in shape Streptococcus pyogenes F
[3]
(b) (i) A cylinder‑shaped bacterium has a length of 2 μm and a diameter of 0.5 μm.
Calculate:
• the radius of this bacterium
• the volume of this bacterium.
Include the units in your answers.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
Space for working.
radius ......................................
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS MARGIN
volume ......................................
[4]
(ii) State the name of the kingdom that bacteria belong to.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
Ĭ×Ċ®Ġ´íÈõÏĪÅĊßú¸þ×
© UCLES 2025 ĬÝòñÐĬĝĬàîñÐăÎæ²ĦĂ
ĥÕĕÕµĕąµÕÅąÅŵąµąÕ
0610/41/O/N/25 [Turn over
