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A nurse is new to the community but wants to begin planning immediately for health
promotion programs. Even though the nurse does not yet know the community, which of the
following programs would be good to plan first?
a. Alcohol and tobacco cessation programs
b. Cancer screening programs
c. Cardiac health education programs
d. Exercise for life programs
c. Cardiac health education programs
Heart disease is one of the most significant public health problems in the United States,
responsible for premature mortality and disability. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause
of death in the United States. Good nutrition and exercise programs, while both good health
promotion programs, are too narrow in focus to represent the greatest need in the community.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death so may be the nurse's second focus.
A nurse is caring for a child who has been diagnosed with a chronic health condition. Which of
the following conditions would the child most likely have?
a. Heart disease
b. Down syndrome
c. Emphysema
d. Arthritis
b. Down syndrome
Common chronic conditions seen in children are Down syndrome, spina bifida, cerebral palsy,
asthma, ADHD, diabetes, congenital heart disease, cancer, hemophilia, brochopulmonary
dysplagia, and AIDS. Heart disease, emphysema, and arthritis are common chronic health
conditions of adults, not children.
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,A nurse has just met the parents of a 10-year-old child who has been diagnosed with a
congenital heart defect. When interviewing the parents, which of the following would be a
priority question for the nurse to ask?
a. What are the learning needs of your child?
b. What does your child eat on a typical day?
c. Does your child have a good peer support network?
d. Does your child have a medical home?
d. Does your child have a medical home?
The use of a medical home, in which one provider or clinic has all of the child's records, is
important for this population. Communication among all providers who are working with this
child is essential in order for the child to achieve optimal health and functioning. Learning
needs, nutritional needs, and peer relationships are important for a 10-year-old child. However,
without having the coordination and consistency of a medical home to coordinate medical care,
these other things may be insignificant.
Which statement about eating disorders is correct?
a. Individuals with anorexia frequently complain about weight loss.
b. Purging is associated with anorexia.
c. Most women with bulimia are concerned with the shape and weight of their body.
d. Bulimia is considered to have more medical complications than anorexia.
c. Most women with bulimia are concerned with the shape and weight of their body.
Those with bulimia are usually concerned with the shape and weight of their body. Those with
anorexia view themselves as normal or overweight; purging is associated with bulimia; and
anorexia is considered to have more complications than bulimia.
A nurse is providing contraceptive counseling to a female client. Which of the following is the
most appropriate outcome of this counseling?
a. Encourage the individual to choose abstinence.
b. Ensure the individual is educated to make an informed choice about reproduction.
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,c. Advocate for increased funding for reproductive services.
d. Reduce the health risks of the individual.
b. Ensure the individual is educated to make an informed choice about reproduction.
The goal of contraceptive counseling is to ensure that women have appropriate instruction to
make informed choices about reproduction. The nurse should provide a nonjudgmental
approach during counseling and allow the woman to choose the appropriate contraceptive
method. Nurses do advocate for reproductive services for women, but that is not a goal of
contraceptive counseling. Reduction in the health risks of the individual is a goal of
preconceptual counseling.
A nurse is providing preconceptual counseling to a young woman. Which of the following
supplements would the nurse most likely recommend?
a. Iron
b. Calcium
c. Folic acid
d. Vitamin C
c. Folic acid
Research has shown that intake of folic acid can significantly reduce the occurrence of serious
and often fatal neural tube defects. A recommendation was made that women capable of or
planning a pregnancy take 400 mcg of folic acid daily (USDHHS, 2010). Iron, calcium, and
vitamin C are not used as routine prenatal supplements.
Which of the following best describes the current research findings related to the use of
hormone replacement therapy (HRT)?
a. HRT does not prevent heart disease.
b. Use of HRT is recommended to prevent osteoporosis.
c. When used with complementary therapies, HRT is most effective.
d. HRT is a contributing cause of breast cancer.
a. HRT does not prevent heart disease.
HRT does not prevent heart disease. To prevent heart disease, women should avoid smoking,
reduce fat and cholesterol intake, limit salt and alcohol, maintain a healthy weight, and be
physically active. HRT is not recommended to promote osteoporosis. HRT is not a contributing
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, cause of breast cancer. There is no evidence that HRT is most effective when used with
complementary therapies.
Which of the following best describes where health care dollars in the United States be focused
to improve breast cancer cure rates?
a. Education for women about breast cancer
b. Early detection programs with referral to ongoing access to a care provider
c. Primary prevention programs
d. Tertiary care through long-term follow-up
b. Early detection programs with referral to ongoing access to a care provider
Early detection can promote a cure, whereas late detection typically ensures a poor prognosis.
The differences in the outcomes between women of color and white women point to issues
associated with early detection, access to health care, and follow-up by a regular care provider.
Education for women about breast cancer is not as effective as early detection programs.
Screening must be completed which is accomplished through secondary, not primary
prevention. Tertiary care does not occur until after diagnosis has occurred, and this is too late.
Which of the following behaviors results in men being less healthy than women?
a. Concentration on sports, hunting, and other dangerous recreational choices
b. Employment in stressful positions more so than women
c. Preference to spend money on priorities other than health care
d. Reluctance to visit health care providers
d. Reluctance to visit health care providers
A major obstacle to improving men's health is their apparent reluctance to consult their
primary care provider. Men are not well connected to the health care system. Men do not
participate in health care at the same level as women, apparently because of the traditional
masculine gender role learned through socialization (Bonhomme, 2007). Only 57% of US men
see a doctor, nurse practitioner, or physician assistant compared with 74% of women (AHRQ,
2010). Hobbies, employment, and preference on how to spend money may influence a man's
decision to seek medical care. However, these have not been identified as major obstacles in
comparison to overall reluctance to seek care.
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