DMS 207 exam 2 - Urinary, GI tract, Spleen Pathology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_j1emo5
1. What space/cavity are the kidneys located in? retroperitoneal
2. What is the echogenicity of the renal cortex? hypoechoic
3. What is the echogenicity of the renal medulla? more hypoechoic than
cortex
4. What is the echogenicity of the renal sinus? echogenic
5. What is the normal length of a kidney? 9-12 cm
6. True or false: the renal pelvis is not normally dilated true
7. What are the functions of the kidney? - filter blood
- remove nitrogenous
waste (UREA, Bun)
- Electrolyte balance
- Acid-base balance
- Hormonal (renin, EPO)
8. What does an increase in BUN indicate? renal dysfunction
9. What does an increase in creatinine indicate? decreased GFR
10. What is hematuria most common with? tumors, stones, and infec-
tions
11. What does leukocytosis indicate? infection
12. What are the causes of a renal pelvis dilation? - UPJ obstruction
- Ureterocele
- Posterior urethral valves
- Stones
, DMS 207 exam 2 - Urinary, GI tract, Spleen Pathology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_j1emo5
- Tumor
- Reflux
13. What happens when a renal obstruction occurs? - increase in pressure
- calyces dilate
- cortex thins
14. - Normal variant dromedary hump
- Bulge on lateral left kidney
- Same echogenicity as cortex
- Mimics mass but is NOT one
15. Dromedary hump
16. - Triangular echogenic area Junctional parenchymal
- Upper pole defect
- Normal variant
17. junctional parenchymal defect
18. - Lower poles fused horseshoe kidney
- Isthmus anterior to aorta
- Associated with Turner's
- May have obstruction
19. Pelvic kidney
, DMS 207 exam 2 - Urinary, GI tract, Spleen Pathology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_j1emo5
- Located low in pelvis
- Cause by failure of kidney ascent
20. Pelvic kidney
21. - Bilateral enlarged kidneys ADPKD
- Multiple cysts
- Adult (occurs around 40s-50s)
- Liver cysts common
22. - Pediatric ARPKD
- Large echogenic kidneys
- Poor corticomedullary differentiation
23. ARKPD
24. ADPKD
25. - Dilated renal pelvis UPJ obstruction
- Normal ureter
- Common congenital obstruction
26. - Cystic structure in bladder ureterocele
- Distal ureter dilation
- Can cause obstruction
27. Posterior Urethral Valves
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_j1emo5
1. What space/cavity are the kidneys located in? retroperitoneal
2. What is the echogenicity of the renal cortex? hypoechoic
3. What is the echogenicity of the renal medulla? more hypoechoic than
cortex
4. What is the echogenicity of the renal sinus? echogenic
5. What is the normal length of a kidney? 9-12 cm
6. True or false: the renal pelvis is not normally dilated true
7. What are the functions of the kidney? - filter blood
- remove nitrogenous
waste (UREA, Bun)
- Electrolyte balance
- Acid-base balance
- Hormonal (renin, EPO)
8. What does an increase in BUN indicate? renal dysfunction
9. What does an increase in creatinine indicate? decreased GFR
10. What is hematuria most common with? tumors, stones, and infec-
tions
11. What does leukocytosis indicate? infection
12. What are the causes of a renal pelvis dilation? - UPJ obstruction
- Ureterocele
- Posterior urethral valves
- Stones
, DMS 207 exam 2 - Urinary, GI tract, Spleen Pathology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_j1emo5
- Tumor
- Reflux
13. What happens when a renal obstruction occurs? - increase in pressure
- calyces dilate
- cortex thins
14. - Normal variant dromedary hump
- Bulge on lateral left kidney
- Same echogenicity as cortex
- Mimics mass but is NOT one
15. Dromedary hump
16. - Triangular echogenic area Junctional parenchymal
- Upper pole defect
- Normal variant
17. junctional parenchymal defect
18. - Lower poles fused horseshoe kidney
- Isthmus anterior to aorta
- Associated with Turner's
- May have obstruction
19. Pelvic kidney
, DMS 207 exam 2 - Urinary, GI tract, Spleen Pathology
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_j1emo5
- Located low in pelvis
- Cause by failure of kidney ascent
20. Pelvic kidney
21. - Bilateral enlarged kidneys ADPKD
- Multiple cysts
- Adult (occurs around 40s-50s)
- Liver cysts common
22. - Pediatric ARPKD
- Large echogenic kidneys
- Poor corticomedullary differentiation
23. ARKPD
24. ADPKD
25. - Dilated renal pelvis UPJ obstruction
- Normal ureter
- Common congenital obstruction
26. - Cystic structure in bladder ureterocele
- Distal ureter dilation
- Can cause obstruction
27. Posterior Urethral Valves
