what letters are valence electrons involved in bonding? - Answers s & p
what letters are valence electrons for transition metals? - Answers s & d
do nonmetals gain or lose electrons to form ions? - Answers gain
to metals gain or lose electrons to form ions? - Answers lose
transition metals lose _ electrons before _ - Answers s
d
losing all electrons leads to _ - Answers noble gas
does Z eff increase when row goes left or right? - Answers right
atomic size increases as the periodic table goes _ - Answers down & left
ionization energy increases as the periodic table goes _ - Answers up & right
ionization energy - Answers the minimum energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous
atom in its ground state
energy + X(g) -> _ - Answers X+(g) + e-
does it take energy to remove an electron from an atom - Answers yes
half-filled subshell - Answers all subshells have 1 arrow
filled subshell - Answers all subshells have 2 arrows
is an atom or cation bigger in size? - Answers atom > cation
is an atom or anion bigger in size? - Answers atom < anion
resonance structure - Answers 1 of 2 or more lewis structures for a single molecule that can't be
represented by only 1 lewis structure
resonance - Answers the use of 2 or more lewis structures to represent a particular molecule
formal charges closest to _ is the best structure - Answers zero
break a bond = - Answers endothermic
- it takes energy to break a bond
form a new bond = - Answers exothermic
- energy is released when bonds are formed
to calculate deltaH for the reaction, _ - Answers add the positive and negative numbers together
ionic bond - Answers the electrostatic force that holds ions together in an ionic compound
- metal/nonmetal, metal/polyatomic anion
- electrons transferred
covalent bond - Answers electrons are shared by 2 atoms
- nonmetals
- electrons shared
lattice energy - Answers - distance between ions
- charge of ions
later lattice energy = - Answers stronger bond
short bond = - Answers strong bond
electronegativity - Answers the ability of an atom to attract toward itself the electrons in a chemical
bond
high ionization energy = - Answers high electronegativity
high electron affinity - Answers high electronegativity
pure (nonpolar) covalent bond - Answers electron shared equally
polar covalent bond - Answers electrons shared unequally
ionic bond, electrons _ - Answers transferred
# of bonds & lone pairs in C - Answers 4
0
# of bonds & lone pairs in N - Answers 3
1
# of bonds & lone pairs in O - Answers 2
2
# of bonds & lone pairs in F - Answers 1
3
hydrogen can only _ - Answers single bond
vsepr model - Answers valance shell electron pair repulsion
2 e- groups electron shape & angle - Answers linear