ABO ADVANCED FORMULAS FINAL
TEST 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ Cold autoantibody specificity.
Answer: Anti-I
◍ Cold reacting alloantibody specificity.
Answer: Anti-P1, -M, -N, -Lea, -Leb
◍ What are blood group antigens?.
Answer: Antigens produced by alleles at a single genetic loci or closely
linked loci, which can be proteins, glycoproteins, or glycolipids.
◍ If the forward and back type do not agree, then.
Answer: is must be resolved for patients to be transfused (group O given in
emergency)
◍ Mixed field reaction.
Answer: A3
◍ What organization created a standardized naming system for blood groups
in 1980?.
Answer: The International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT).
◍ What are the two main blood group systems focused on in this chapter?.
Answer: ABO and H blood group systems (001 and 018).
◍ A2 will look like ____ in front type..
Answer: A1
◍ Bone Marrow transplant: if type A, transplanted with an O bone marrow, the
new cells will be Type
O. , this is an example of-.
, Answer: dual population
◍ Secretor studies use.
Answer: saliva
◍ Who discovered the ABO blood group system?.
Answer: Karl Landsteiner in 1900.
◍ What did Landsteiner observe when pairing blood samples?.
Answer: Agglutination occurring in different patterns.
◍ What are the three major groups of the ABO blood group system?.
Answer: A, B, and O.
◍ What is Landsteiner's rule regarding ABO antibodies?.
Answer: Normal healthy individuals possess ABO antibodies to the blood
group antigens absent from their cells.
◍ Secretor studies help.
Answer: to detect soluble antigens
◍ Causes of Missing/Weak antibodies.
Answer: advanced age, immune deficiency, bone marrow transplant,
chemotherapy/radiation therapy, or newborn
◍ What happens if incompatible blood types are transfused?.
Answer: Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions can occur.
◍ How does chemotherapy/radiation therapy weaken antibodies?.
Answer: Can wipe off plasma cells
◍ Where are ABO antigens widely distributed in the body?.
Answer: In red blood cells, lymphocytes, platelets, and most epithelial and
endothelial cells.
◍ Resolution steps for missing/weak antibodies.
Answer: Add more serum, incubate longer at room temperature (15-60min),
test at colder temp.
◍ Resolution steps for missing/weak antibodies: What happens if serum is
TEST 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ Cold autoantibody specificity.
Answer: Anti-I
◍ Cold reacting alloantibody specificity.
Answer: Anti-P1, -M, -N, -Lea, -Leb
◍ What are blood group antigens?.
Answer: Antigens produced by alleles at a single genetic loci or closely
linked loci, which can be proteins, glycoproteins, or glycolipids.
◍ If the forward and back type do not agree, then.
Answer: is must be resolved for patients to be transfused (group O given in
emergency)
◍ Mixed field reaction.
Answer: A3
◍ What organization created a standardized naming system for blood groups
in 1980?.
Answer: The International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT).
◍ What are the two main blood group systems focused on in this chapter?.
Answer: ABO and H blood group systems (001 and 018).
◍ A2 will look like ____ in front type..
Answer: A1
◍ Bone Marrow transplant: if type A, transplanted with an O bone marrow, the
new cells will be Type
O. , this is an example of-.
, Answer: dual population
◍ Secretor studies use.
Answer: saliva
◍ Who discovered the ABO blood group system?.
Answer: Karl Landsteiner in 1900.
◍ What did Landsteiner observe when pairing blood samples?.
Answer: Agglutination occurring in different patterns.
◍ What are the three major groups of the ABO blood group system?.
Answer: A, B, and O.
◍ What is Landsteiner's rule regarding ABO antibodies?.
Answer: Normal healthy individuals possess ABO antibodies to the blood
group antigens absent from their cells.
◍ Secretor studies help.
Answer: to detect soluble antigens
◍ Causes of Missing/Weak antibodies.
Answer: advanced age, immune deficiency, bone marrow transplant,
chemotherapy/radiation therapy, or newborn
◍ What happens if incompatible blood types are transfused?.
Answer: Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions can occur.
◍ How does chemotherapy/radiation therapy weaken antibodies?.
Answer: Can wipe off plasma cells
◍ Where are ABO antigens widely distributed in the body?.
Answer: In red blood cells, lymphocytes, platelets, and most epithelial and
endothelial cells.
◍ Resolution steps for missing/weak antibodies.
Answer: Add more serum, incubate longer at room temperature (15-60min),
test at colder temp.
◍ Resolution steps for missing/weak antibodies: What happens if serum is
