Praxis 5624 Exam Questions with Correct Answers
Bandura Social Learning Theory/Observational Learning Theory-people can learn new
information and behaviors by watching other people.
Bruner Constructivist Theory- learning is an active process; learners construct new ideas
or concepts based on their current/past knowledge.
Dewey Learning by Doing- Learning occurs through experience.
Piaget Genetic Epistemology- Developmental Stages of Child Development:
0-2 years: "sensorimotor"- motor development
3-7 years: "preoperation"- intuitive
8-11 years: "concrete operational"- logical, but non-abstract
12-15 years: "formal operations"- abstract thinking
Vygotsky Social Development Theory & ZPD: Social interaction=critical for cognitive
development; Zone of Proximal Development: theoretical basis for scaffolding
Kohlberg Stages of Moral Development:
Pre-conventional- based on self-centered interests
Conventional- based on conformity to local expectations
Post-Conventional- based on higher principles
,Bloom Taxonomy- a hierarchy model; way to classify thinking according to six cognitive
levels of complexity
Metacognition awareness and understanding of one's own thought process
Schema A schema is both the category of knowledge as well as the process of acquiring
that knowledge. As experiences happen and new information is presented, new schemas are
developed and old schemas are changed or modified.
Transfer Information or skills related to one topic can sometimes either help or hinder
the acquisition of information or skills related to another topic.
Self-Efficacy The extent or strength of one's belief in one's own ability to complete tasks
and reach goals
Self-Regulation Ability to monitor and control our own behavior, emotions, or thoughts,
altering them in accordance with the demands of the situation.
Classical Conditioning Pavlov; altering another's behavior (dogs and bells)
Operant Conditioning Rewards and punishments to teach proper behavior
, Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Prohibits discrimination against people with
disabilities
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Protect rights of students with
disabilities by ensuring everyone receives a free appropriate public education, regardless of
ability.
Section 504, Rehabilitation Act Protect rights of those with disabilities in programs and
activities that receive federal financial assistance, including federal funds
Thorndike Connectionism (Behaviorism): Learners form associations or connections
between a stimulus and a response. Through trial and error, rewarded responses would be
strengthened.
Watson Behaviorism: Proposed that most human learning and behavior was controlled
by experience (not genetically predetermined). Believed the only behaviors that should be
studied are the "observable" ones.
Maslow Hierarchy of Needs: Humans naturally strive to satisfy needs. Lower levels must
be satisfied before the individual can move on to satisfy higher level needs.
Skinner Operant Conditioning: Learning is the result of changes in behavior. As stimulus-
response cycles are reinforced, individuals are "conditioned" to respond. Individuals can initiate
responses, not mearely respond to stimuli.
Bandura Social Learning Theory/Observational Learning Theory-people can learn new
information and behaviors by watching other people.
Bruner Constructivist Theory- learning is an active process; learners construct new ideas
or concepts based on their current/past knowledge.
Dewey Learning by Doing- Learning occurs through experience.
Piaget Genetic Epistemology- Developmental Stages of Child Development:
0-2 years: "sensorimotor"- motor development
3-7 years: "preoperation"- intuitive
8-11 years: "concrete operational"- logical, but non-abstract
12-15 years: "formal operations"- abstract thinking
Vygotsky Social Development Theory & ZPD: Social interaction=critical for cognitive
development; Zone of Proximal Development: theoretical basis for scaffolding
Kohlberg Stages of Moral Development:
Pre-conventional- based on self-centered interests
Conventional- based on conformity to local expectations
Post-Conventional- based on higher principles
,Bloom Taxonomy- a hierarchy model; way to classify thinking according to six cognitive
levels of complexity
Metacognition awareness and understanding of one's own thought process
Schema A schema is both the category of knowledge as well as the process of acquiring
that knowledge. As experiences happen and new information is presented, new schemas are
developed and old schemas are changed or modified.
Transfer Information or skills related to one topic can sometimes either help or hinder
the acquisition of information or skills related to another topic.
Self-Efficacy The extent or strength of one's belief in one's own ability to complete tasks
and reach goals
Self-Regulation Ability to monitor and control our own behavior, emotions, or thoughts,
altering them in accordance with the demands of the situation.
Classical Conditioning Pavlov; altering another's behavior (dogs and bells)
Operant Conditioning Rewards and punishments to teach proper behavior
, Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Prohibits discrimination against people with
disabilities
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Protect rights of students with
disabilities by ensuring everyone receives a free appropriate public education, regardless of
ability.
Section 504, Rehabilitation Act Protect rights of those with disabilities in programs and
activities that receive federal financial assistance, including federal funds
Thorndike Connectionism (Behaviorism): Learners form associations or connections
between a stimulus and a response. Through trial and error, rewarded responses would be
strengthened.
Watson Behaviorism: Proposed that most human learning and behavior was controlled
by experience (not genetically predetermined). Believed the only behaviors that should be
studied are the "observable" ones.
Maslow Hierarchy of Needs: Humans naturally strive to satisfy needs. Lower levels must
be satisfied before the individual can move on to satisfy higher level needs.
Skinner Operant Conditioning: Learning is the result of changes in behavior. As stimulus-
response cycles are reinforced, individuals are "conditioned" to respond. Individuals can initiate
responses, not mearely respond to stimuli.
