Chamberlain A&P II Exam 2
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,Overview of the spinal cord - Answer: An extension of the
brain, link between the brain and the body
What are the regions of the spinal cord - Answer: Cervical,
thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
Where is the spinal cord located? - Answer: sits in the
vertebral canal
Where does the spinal cord terminate? - Answer: L1
Conus medullaris - Answer: tapered end of spinal cord
What arises from the conus medullaris? - Answer: The pia
mater, which eventually tapers in the coccygeal region
What is the filium terminale? - Answer: extension of pia
mater, anchors spinal cord to coccyx
What are spinal enlargements? - Answer: Variable spinal cord
thickenings. Located the in cervical and lumbar regions
,What are 3 important features of the spinal cord? - Answer:
Gray matter, central canal, white matter
Gray matter in the spinal cord - Answer: Located in the center.
Has a butterfly appearance
What is found in the central canal? - Answer: CSF
Where is white matter located in the spinal cord? - Answer:
periphery. Contains ascending and descending tracts
What happens to the ratio of gray matter to white matter in the
spinal cord? - Answer: The ratio of gray matter to white matter
increases inferiorly
Why is there more white matter more inferiorly in the spinal
cord? - Answer: there are more tracts in white matter. More
white matter in the cervical region - tracts are being joined by
ascending and descending pathways that convey information
up
Organization of the gray matter of the spinal cord - Answer:
Posterior gray horns: Somatic sensory and visceral nuclei
, Lateral gray horns: Visceral motor nuclei
Anterior gray horns: Somatic motor nuclei
Gray commissure: Consists of axons crossing from one side to
the other
What is the function of the dorsal horn of gray matter in the
spinal cord? - Answer: Afferent information. Receives sensory
input information and receives input involved in coordination
or reflexes
What is the function of the ventral/anterior horn of gray matter
in the spinal cord? - Answer: Efferent information. Responsible
for motor output information
What are spinal nerves, and how many pairs total? - Answer:
Def: Projections that eminate from the spinal cord. 31 pairs
Connects the CNS to sensory receptors, muscles, and glands
How many pairs of cervical nerves are there? - Answer: 8
How many pairs of thoracic nerves are there? - Answer: 12
Comprehensive Study Guide + Exam
Questions & Solutions Graded A+
Professional Academic Assistance Services
Services Offered
• Proctored Exam Assistance
• Online Class Management (Full Course Support)
• Exam Preparation & Study Materials
• Assignments and Coursework Support
• Essay and Research Paper Writing
• Discussion Posts & Responses
• Editing and Proofreading
• Confidential Academic Consultation
Contact Information
Email:
WhatsApp link: https://wa.me/254704846336
Fast Response | Confidential | Reliable Academic
Support
Helping Students Achieve Academic Excellence
,Overview of the spinal cord - Answer: An extension of the
brain, link between the brain and the body
What are the regions of the spinal cord - Answer: Cervical,
thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
Where is the spinal cord located? - Answer: sits in the
vertebral canal
Where does the spinal cord terminate? - Answer: L1
Conus medullaris - Answer: tapered end of spinal cord
What arises from the conus medullaris? - Answer: The pia
mater, which eventually tapers in the coccygeal region
What is the filium terminale? - Answer: extension of pia
mater, anchors spinal cord to coccyx
What are spinal enlargements? - Answer: Variable spinal cord
thickenings. Located the in cervical and lumbar regions
,What are 3 important features of the spinal cord? - Answer:
Gray matter, central canal, white matter
Gray matter in the spinal cord - Answer: Located in the center.
Has a butterfly appearance
What is found in the central canal? - Answer: CSF
Where is white matter located in the spinal cord? - Answer:
periphery. Contains ascending and descending tracts
What happens to the ratio of gray matter to white matter in the
spinal cord? - Answer: The ratio of gray matter to white matter
increases inferiorly
Why is there more white matter more inferiorly in the spinal
cord? - Answer: there are more tracts in white matter. More
white matter in the cervical region - tracts are being joined by
ascending and descending pathways that convey information
up
Organization of the gray matter of the spinal cord - Answer:
Posterior gray horns: Somatic sensory and visceral nuclei
, Lateral gray horns: Visceral motor nuclei
Anterior gray horns: Somatic motor nuclei
Gray commissure: Consists of axons crossing from one side to
the other
What is the function of the dorsal horn of gray matter in the
spinal cord? - Answer: Afferent information. Receives sensory
input information and receives input involved in coordination
or reflexes
What is the function of the ventral/anterior horn of gray matter
in the spinal cord? - Answer: Efferent information. Responsible
for motor output information
What are spinal nerves, and how many pairs total? - Answer:
Def: Projections that eminate from the spinal cord. 31 pairs
Connects the CNS to sensory receptors, muscles, and glands
How many pairs of cervical nerves are there? - Answer: 8
How many pairs of thoracic nerves are there? - Answer: 12
