AQA GCSE BIOLOGY EXAMS (LATEST 2025/2026) | COMPLETE
ACTUAL EXAM | QUESTIONS & 100% VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
| OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT | PRE ASSESSMENT INCLUDED |
GUARANTEED A+ | BRAND NEW UPDATE!
What does a nucleus do? -ANSWER It contains genetic material and controls
the activities of the cell
What does cytoplasm do? -ANSWER It's a gel-like substance where most of
the chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes that control these chemical
reactions
What does a cell membrane do? -ANSWER It holds the cell together and
controls what goes in and out
What do mitochondria do? -ANSWER These are where most of the reactions
for aerobic respiration occur. Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to
work
What do ribosomes do? -ANSWER This is where protein synthesis takes
place - where proteins are made in the cell
What do cell walls do? -ANSWER They are made of cellulose and they
support and strengthen the cell
What does a vacuole do? -ANSWER It contains cell sap and helps maintain
the shape of the cell
, What do chloroplasts do? -ANSWER This is where photosynthesis occurs,
which makes food for the plant. They contain chlorophyll - a green pigment -
which absorbs light needed for photosynthesis
What do bacterial cells contain? -ANSWER Cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell
wall, flagella, ribosomes, mitochondria, slime capsule, plasmids (small rings of
DNA) and a single circular strand of DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm
What do bacterial cells NOT contain? -ANSWER A nucleus
What is the equation for magnification? -ANSWER Image size divided by
actual size
What is differentiation? -ANSWER The process by which a cell changes to
become specialised for its job
What are undifferentiated cells called? -ANSWER Stem cells
What are sperm cells specialised for and how are they specialised? -ANSWER
Reproduction - they transport the male DNA to the female DNA
-It has a flagella and a streamlined head to help it swim towards the egg
-There are lots of mitochondria in the cell to provide the energy needed
-It carries enzymes in its head to help digest through the egg cell membranes
, What are nerve cells specialised for and how are they specialised? -ANSWER
Rapid signalling - they carry electrical signals from one part of the body to
another
-They are long to cover more distance
-They have branched connections at their ends to connect to other nerve cells and
form a network throughout the body
What are muscle cells specialised for and how are they specialised? -ANSWER
Contraction - they need to contract quickly
-They are long so they have space to contract
-They contain lots of mitochondria to generate the energy needed for contraction
What are root hair cells specialised for and how are they specialised? -ANSWER
Absorbing water and minerals
-They are cells on the surface of plant roots which grow into long hairs that stick
out into the soil
-They have a large surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions from the soil
What are chromosomes? -ANSWER Coiled up lengths of DNA molecules that
are found in the nuclei
What do multicellular organisms use mitosis for? -ANSWER To grow or
replace cells that have been damaged
What are stem cells? -ANSWER They are undifferentiated cells that divide to
produce lots more undifferentiated cells. They then differentiate into different types
of cell
, Where are stem cells found? -ANSWER In early human embryos or the bone
marrow of adults
What do embryonic stem cells do? -ANSWER 1) Used to replace faulty cells
in sick people - insulin-producing cells for diabetes and nerve cells for paralysed
spinal injuries
2) Used to replace faulty blood cells
What is diffusion? -ANSWER Diffusion is the movement of particles from an
area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Name the substances that can diffuse through cell membranes -ANSWER
Glucose, water, oxygen and amino acids
Name two substances that can't diffuse through cell membranes -ANSWER
Protein and starch
What is osmosis? -ANSWER Osmosis is the passive movement of water
molecules through a partially permeable cell membrane from an area of high water
concentration to an area of low water concentration
What are the two main differences between active transport and diffusion? -
ANSWER Active transport uses energy whereas diffusion doesn't. Active
transport goes against the concentration gradient whereas diffusion goes along it
ACTUAL EXAM | QUESTIONS & 100% VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS
| OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT | PRE ASSESSMENT INCLUDED |
GUARANTEED A+ | BRAND NEW UPDATE!
What does a nucleus do? -ANSWER It contains genetic material and controls
the activities of the cell
What does cytoplasm do? -ANSWER It's a gel-like substance where most of
the chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes that control these chemical
reactions
What does a cell membrane do? -ANSWER It holds the cell together and
controls what goes in and out
What do mitochondria do? -ANSWER These are where most of the reactions
for aerobic respiration occur. Respiration transfers energy that the cell needs to
work
What do ribosomes do? -ANSWER This is where protein synthesis takes
place - where proteins are made in the cell
What do cell walls do? -ANSWER They are made of cellulose and they
support and strengthen the cell
What does a vacuole do? -ANSWER It contains cell sap and helps maintain
the shape of the cell
, What do chloroplasts do? -ANSWER This is where photosynthesis occurs,
which makes food for the plant. They contain chlorophyll - a green pigment -
which absorbs light needed for photosynthesis
What do bacterial cells contain? -ANSWER Cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell
wall, flagella, ribosomes, mitochondria, slime capsule, plasmids (small rings of
DNA) and a single circular strand of DNA that floats freely in the cytoplasm
What do bacterial cells NOT contain? -ANSWER A nucleus
What is the equation for magnification? -ANSWER Image size divided by
actual size
What is differentiation? -ANSWER The process by which a cell changes to
become specialised for its job
What are undifferentiated cells called? -ANSWER Stem cells
What are sperm cells specialised for and how are they specialised? -ANSWER
Reproduction - they transport the male DNA to the female DNA
-It has a flagella and a streamlined head to help it swim towards the egg
-There are lots of mitochondria in the cell to provide the energy needed
-It carries enzymes in its head to help digest through the egg cell membranes
, What are nerve cells specialised for and how are they specialised? -ANSWER
Rapid signalling - they carry electrical signals from one part of the body to
another
-They are long to cover more distance
-They have branched connections at their ends to connect to other nerve cells and
form a network throughout the body
What are muscle cells specialised for and how are they specialised? -ANSWER
Contraction - they need to contract quickly
-They are long so they have space to contract
-They contain lots of mitochondria to generate the energy needed for contraction
What are root hair cells specialised for and how are they specialised? -ANSWER
Absorbing water and minerals
-They are cells on the surface of plant roots which grow into long hairs that stick
out into the soil
-They have a large surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions from the soil
What are chromosomes? -ANSWER Coiled up lengths of DNA molecules that
are found in the nuclei
What do multicellular organisms use mitosis for? -ANSWER To grow or
replace cells that have been damaged
What are stem cells? -ANSWER They are undifferentiated cells that divide to
produce lots more undifferentiated cells. They then differentiate into different types
of cell
, Where are stem cells found? -ANSWER In early human embryos or the bone
marrow of adults
What do embryonic stem cells do? -ANSWER 1) Used to replace faulty cells
in sick people - insulin-producing cells for diabetes and nerve cells for paralysed
spinal injuries
2) Used to replace faulty blood cells
What is diffusion? -ANSWER Diffusion is the movement of particles from an
area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Name the substances that can diffuse through cell membranes -ANSWER
Glucose, water, oxygen and amino acids
Name two substances that can't diffuse through cell membranes -ANSWER
Protein and starch
What is osmosis? -ANSWER Osmosis is the passive movement of water
molecules through a partially permeable cell membrane from an area of high water
concentration to an area of low water concentration
What are the two main differences between active transport and diffusion? -
ANSWER Active transport uses energy whereas diffusion doesn't. Active
transport goes against the concentration gradient whereas diffusion goes along it
