PHN 102 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2026
What is the correlation between Allograft and Immunosuppression? - Answers Immunosuppression
drugs are used to avoid rejection in organ transplants and suppress the immune response against
Allografts (transplants). Must take immunosuppressants for life!
What are the differences in Labs? - Answers Liver enzymes - LFT's, AST, ALKPHOS
Kidneys - BUN, CREA, GFR
CBC - RBC, WBC, PLT, HgB, HCT
What is the food that inhibits the metabolism of Cyclosproine? - Answers Grapefruit/Grapefruit Juice
What are the live vaccines? - Answers MMR, Varicella, Oral Polio
What is the correlation between live vaccines and glucocorticoids? - Answers High doses of
glucocorticoids cause immunosuppression. Using live vaccines while immunosuppressed puts the
client at risk for getting the live disease in the vaccine
What are some adverse effects of Cyclosporine? - Answers Nephrotoxicity, Infection, Hepatotoxicity,
Lymphoma, Hypertension, Anaphylactic reaction, Tremors, Hirituism, Leukopenia, Gingival
Hyperplasia, Hyperkalemia, Sinnusitis
What is the role that Antihistamines play in mild relief for cold symptoms? - Answers They do NOT
treat the cold virus, but can be useful due to Anticholingeric effects (dries secretions)
What is the treatment for an acute overdose of an H1 Antagonist? (Antihistamine) - Answers Drug
removal is KEY, not antidote, activated charcoal, cathartic, benzo's for seizures, ice and sponge baths
to lower body temp
What are the symptoms of H1 Antagonist acute overdose? - Answers Dilated pupils, flushed face,
hyperpyrexia (fever), tachycardia, agitation, uncoordinated movements
What is the risk of using Phenergan IV? - Answers Severe local tissue injury, NEEDS PATENT IV with
large bore needle, run slow! Less than 25mg/min, Client needs to report burning immediately, can
also cause Resp depression
What is important to know about the medication Hydroxyzine (Vistaril)? - Answers causes sedation,
do not drive, do not mix with alcohol or other sedating meds
What are medications you would give if having anticholingeric toxidrome? - Answers Activated
charcoal (if caused by antihistamine), Lorazepam for seizures, Carthartic
What is the correlation between Glucocorticoid therapy and NSAIDS? - Answers increases risk for
gastric ulcers and GI bleeds
What test is used for Cushings Syndrome? - Answers E-lytes, low dex suppression, late night salivary
cortisol, 24 urinary free cortisol
What is the correlation between sodium and potassium with glucocorticoids? - Answers Causes the
body to hold on to sodium, often causing edema, limit sodium intake, causes the body to waste
potassium, increase potassium intake
What are supplements for osteoporosis? - Answers Calcium, Vitamin D
What systemic opportunist infection is contraindicated for glucocorticoids (immunocomprimsed)? -
Answers Fungal infections
What is the time that glucocorticoids should be administered in order for the adrenals to recover? -
Answers Before 9am, because the body naturally causes a burst of cortisol in the early morning
What is important to know about Glucocorticoids? - Answers They have many side effects because of
their multiple mechanisms of action, including their ability to limit tissue damage caused by the
inflammatory process and suppression of the immune component of inflammation
How long do you wait between puffs for MDIs when 2 puffs are ordered? - Answers atleast 1 minute
because it can cause tachycardia, 1st puff opens up the bronchi and the 2nd puff has greater effect
due to more air getting into the lungs
Why are glucocorticoids prescribed for COPD patients? - Answers to prevent exacerbation, reduces
inflammation in the airway by decreasing synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators
What teaching is required with all inhaled glucocorticoids? - Answers Rinse mouth after use, leaves
residue and can cause thrush or hoarse voice
What is the treatment for acute asthma exacerbations when current medications are not enough? -
Answers IV Solumedrol, inhaled albuterol and ipratropium (DuoNeb), Oxygen
What is the correlation between children when growing and inhaled glucocorticoids? - Answers
Causes impaired growth (stunts growth)
What is the correlation between Allograft and Immunosuppression? - Answers Immunosuppression
drugs are used to avoid rejection in organ transplants and suppress the immune response against
Allografts (transplants). Must take immunosuppressants for life!
What are the differences in Labs? - Answers Liver enzymes - LFT's, AST, ALKPHOS
Kidneys - BUN, CREA, GFR
CBC - RBC, WBC, PLT, HgB, HCT
What is the food that inhibits the metabolism of Cyclosproine? - Answers Grapefruit/Grapefruit Juice
What are the live vaccines? - Answers MMR, Varicella, Oral Polio
What is the correlation between live vaccines and glucocorticoids? - Answers High doses of
glucocorticoids cause immunosuppression. Using live vaccines while immunosuppressed puts the
client at risk for getting the live disease in the vaccine
What are some adverse effects of Cyclosporine? - Answers Nephrotoxicity, Infection, Hepatotoxicity,
Lymphoma, Hypertension, Anaphylactic reaction, Tremors, Hirituism, Leukopenia, Gingival
Hyperplasia, Hyperkalemia, Sinnusitis
What is the role that Antihistamines play in mild relief for cold symptoms? - Answers They do NOT
treat the cold virus, but can be useful due to Anticholingeric effects (dries secretions)
What is the treatment for an acute overdose of an H1 Antagonist? (Antihistamine) - Answers Drug
removal is KEY, not antidote, activated charcoal, cathartic, benzo's for seizures, ice and sponge baths
to lower body temp
What are the symptoms of H1 Antagonist acute overdose? - Answers Dilated pupils, flushed face,
hyperpyrexia (fever), tachycardia, agitation, uncoordinated movements
What is the risk of using Phenergan IV? - Answers Severe local tissue injury, NEEDS PATENT IV with
large bore needle, run slow! Less than 25mg/min, Client needs to report burning immediately, can
also cause Resp depression
What is important to know about the medication Hydroxyzine (Vistaril)? - Answers causes sedation,
do not drive, do not mix with alcohol or other sedating meds
What are medications you would give if having anticholingeric toxidrome? - Answers Activated
charcoal (if caused by antihistamine), Lorazepam for seizures, Carthartic
What is the correlation between Glucocorticoid therapy and NSAIDS? - Answers increases risk for
gastric ulcers and GI bleeds
What test is used for Cushings Syndrome? - Answers E-lytes, low dex suppression, late night salivary
cortisol, 24 urinary free cortisol
What is the correlation between sodium and potassium with glucocorticoids? - Answers Causes the
body to hold on to sodium, often causing edema, limit sodium intake, causes the body to waste
potassium, increase potassium intake
What are supplements for osteoporosis? - Answers Calcium, Vitamin D
What systemic opportunist infection is contraindicated for glucocorticoids (immunocomprimsed)? -
Answers Fungal infections
What is the time that glucocorticoids should be administered in order for the adrenals to recover? -
Answers Before 9am, because the body naturally causes a burst of cortisol in the early morning
What is important to know about Glucocorticoids? - Answers They have many side effects because of
their multiple mechanisms of action, including their ability to limit tissue damage caused by the
inflammatory process and suppression of the immune component of inflammation
How long do you wait between puffs for MDIs when 2 puffs are ordered? - Answers atleast 1 minute
because it can cause tachycardia, 1st puff opens up the bronchi and the 2nd puff has greater effect
due to more air getting into the lungs
Why are glucocorticoids prescribed for COPD patients? - Answers to prevent exacerbation, reduces
inflammation in the airway by decreasing synthesis and release of inflammatory mediators
What teaching is required with all inhaled glucocorticoids? - Answers Rinse mouth after use, leaves
residue and can cause thrush or hoarse voice
What is the treatment for acute asthma exacerbations when current medications are not enough? -
Answers IV Solumedrol, inhaled albuterol and ipratropium (DuoNeb), Oxygen
What is the correlation between children when growing and inhaled glucocorticoids? - Answers
Causes impaired growth (stunts growth)
