URINARY AND BOWEL LATEST 2026 GUIDE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔What is the normal pH of urine? - ✔✔5-6 with a range of 4.5 to 8
✔✔What are the main types of urinary diagnostic procedures? - ✔✔Intravenous
pyelogram, ultrasound, cystoscopy, and uroscopy
✔✔Where must a 24 hour urine collection bottle be kept? - ✔✔In a cold place like a
fridge or on a tub of ice
✔✔What are the different types of urine specimens? - ✔✔Sterile collection (indwelling
or straight cath)
Clean-catch or mid-stream
24 hour urine specimen
✔✔How is a urine for a urinary analysis collected? - ✔✔The person voids 3-4 oz of
urine into a clean container
✔✔What is a culture and sensitivity urine test? - ✔✔It measures what type of bacteria is
causing an infection (culture) and what type of antibiotic will work against the infection
(sensitivity)
✔✔How is a C&S urine test collected? - ✔✔A person voids midstream into a sterile
container
✔✔What is the process of collecting a clean-catch or mid-stream urine specimen? -
✔✔1. Clean the perineal area
2. Begin voiding
3. Stop flow and void into sterile container
4. Once container is full, finish voiding into the toilet
✔✔How is a sterile catheter specimen collected? - ✔✔1. Clamp tube below access port
2. Clean access port with alcohol swab
3. Attach 10 ml syringe through access port and withdraw urine
4. Unclamp tube
5. Send to lab In labeled syringe or sterile specimen cup
✔✔What is a cytoscopy? - ✔✔A scope is used to view the urethra and bladder
✔✔What special eating restrictions do patients have to have when getting a cytoscopy?
- ✔✔NPO for a period because of anesthesia or sedation
✔✔What is expected for 24-48 hours after a cytoscopy? - ✔✔Hematuria
, ✔✔What is important to maintain after a cytoscopy? - ✔✔Hydration
✔✔What are complications that can be caused by a cystoscopy? - ✔✔Difficulty voiding,
burning, and frequency changes
✔✔What is a KUB? - ✔✔An x-ray of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder
✔✔What is a Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)? - ✔✔A x-ray of the kidney and ureters after
a contrast material is injected intravenously
✔✔What special eating restrictions do patients have to have when getting a IVP? -
✔✔They have to be NPO after midnight
✔✔What is important to maintain after getting an IVP? - ✔✔Hydration
✔✔What is a renal scan? - ✔✔It examines the kidneys by injecting a radioisotope into a
vein
✔✔What is a renal ultrasound? - ✔✔It uses an ultrasound to visualize the kidneys and
renal blood vessels
✔✔What is a bladder scan? - ✔✔An ultrasound used to estimate the amount of urine in
the blood
✔✔What are key factors in maintaining normal bowel elimination? - ✔✔Maintaining
regular patterns
Avoidance of contaminated food
Promoting adequate fluid intake
Having adequate fiber
Strengthening abdominal muscle tone
✔✔What can changes in routine do to bowel elimination? - ✔✔It can lead to
constipation
✔✔What are sources of fibers? - ✔✔Fruits, beans, legumes, vegetables, and whole
grains
✔✔What does a soft bowel movement mean? - ✔✔Toxins are not building up in the
environment
✔✔What are factors that affect bowel elimination? - ✔✔Age
Diet
Fluid intake
AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔What is the normal pH of urine? - ✔✔5-6 with a range of 4.5 to 8
✔✔What are the main types of urinary diagnostic procedures? - ✔✔Intravenous
pyelogram, ultrasound, cystoscopy, and uroscopy
✔✔Where must a 24 hour urine collection bottle be kept? - ✔✔In a cold place like a
fridge or on a tub of ice
✔✔What are the different types of urine specimens? - ✔✔Sterile collection (indwelling
or straight cath)
Clean-catch or mid-stream
24 hour urine specimen
✔✔How is a urine for a urinary analysis collected? - ✔✔The person voids 3-4 oz of
urine into a clean container
✔✔What is a culture and sensitivity urine test? - ✔✔It measures what type of bacteria is
causing an infection (culture) and what type of antibiotic will work against the infection
(sensitivity)
✔✔How is a C&S urine test collected? - ✔✔A person voids midstream into a sterile
container
✔✔What is the process of collecting a clean-catch or mid-stream urine specimen? -
✔✔1. Clean the perineal area
2. Begin voiding
3. Stop flow and void into sterile container
4. Once container is full, finish voiding into the toilet
✔✔How is a sterile catheter specimen collected? - ✔✔1. Clamp tube below access port
2. Clean access port with alcohol swab
3. Attach 10 ml syringe through access port and withdraw urine
4. Unclamp tube
5. Send to lab In labeled syringe or sterile specimen cup
✔✔What is a cytoscopy? - ✔✔A scope is used to view the urethra and bladder
✔✔What special eating restrictions do patients have to have when getting a cytoscopy?
- ✔✔NPO for a period because of anesthesia or sedation
✔✔What is expected for 24-48 hours after a cytoscopy? - ✔✔Hematuria
, ✔✔What is important to maintain after a cytoscopy? - ✔✔Hydration
✔✔What are complications that can be caused by a cystoscopy? - ✔✔Difficulty voiding,
burning, and frequency changes
✔✔What is a KUB? - ✔✔An x-ray of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder
✔✔What is a Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP)? - ✔✔A x-ray of the kidney and ureters after
a contrast material is injected intravenously
✔✔What special eating restrictions do patients have to have when getting a IVP? -
✔✔They have to be NPO after midnight
✔✔What is important to maintain after getting an IVP? - ✔✔Hydration
✔✔What is a renal scan? - ✔✔It examines the kidneys by injecting a radioisotope into a
vein
✔✔What is a renal ultrasound? - ✔✔It uses an ultrasound to visualize the kidneys and
renal blood vessels
✔✔What is a bladder scan? - ✔✔An ultrasound used to estimate the amount of urine in
the blood
✔✔What are key factors in maintaining normal bowel elimination? - ✔✔Maintaining
regular patterns
Avoidance of contaminated food
Promoting adequate fluid intake
Having adequate fiber
Strengthening abdominal muscle tone
✔✔What can changes in routine do to bowel elimination? - ✔✔It can lead to
constipation
✔✔What are sources of fibers? - ✔✔Fruits, beans, legumes, vegetables, and whole
grains
✔✔What does a soft bowel movement mean? - ✔✔Toxins are not building up in the
environment
✔✔What are factors that affect bowel elimination? - ✔✔Age
Diet
Fluid intake
