URINARY AND BOWEL LATEST 2026 PRACTICE TEST
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Stoma Care for Clients with an Ostomy - ✔✔-Normal stoma should appear red and
may bleed slightly when touched
-Assess the peristomal skin for irritation each time the appliance is changed
-Treat any irritation or skin breakdown immediately
-Keep skin clean by washing off any excretion and drying thoroughly
-Protect skin, collect stool, and control odor with an ostomy appliance
✔✔ normal color & clarity of urine - ✔✔straw, amber, transparent
✔✔neurogenic bladder - ✔✔impaired neurologic function interfere with normal
mechanisms of elimination
✔✔BUN - ✔✔blood urea nitrogen
end product of protein metabolism
indicator of kidney function
✔✔occult - ✔✔microscopic blood in urine or blood
✔✔abnormal urine color and clarity - ✔✔dark amber, cloudy, dark orange, red or dark
brown, mucous plugs, viscid, thick
✔✔oliguria - ✔✔low urine output - less than 30ml per hour or 500ml per day
✔✔enuresis - ✔✔involuntary voiding beyond age 4 or 5 - bed wetting
✔✔Preventing UTI - ✔✔* drink 8 - 8oz of water per day
* practice frequent voiding (every 2-4 hours)
* avoid use harsh soaps, bubble bath, powder or sprays in perneal area
* avoid tight fitting clothing
* were cotton rather than nylon under clothes
* always wipe perineal area fro front to back following urination and defecation
* take showers rather than baths if recurrent UTI are a problem
✔✔ongoing assessment of clients with indwelling indwelling catheters - ✔✔- ensure
tubing free of obstructions
- ensure tubing not clogged
- ensure tere is no tension on catheter or tubing
- ensure gravity drainage maintained
- ensure no loops in tubing below entry
- every 2-3 hours
- keep drainage receptacle below level of client's bladder
- ensure closed drainage system
, - observe flow of urine q 2-3 hrs
- note color, odor, abnormal consituents
- if sediment present, check more frequency
✔✔Nursing Interventions for clients with indwelling catheters - ✔✔- encourage large amt
of fluid intake
- intake of foods that create acidic urine
- perineal care
- change catheter and drainage system only when necessary
- catherize only when necessary
- maintain sterile closed-drainage system
- remove catheter as soon as possible
- follow good hand hygiiene
- prevent fecal contamination
✔✔ileal conduit - ✔✔ileal loop
most common urinary diversion, segment of ileum removed and intestinal ends are
reattatched, a pouch is created, urine is collected in ileal pouch
✔✔ketones present in urine may indicate - ✔✔diabetes, starvation or excessive
amounts of asprin
✔✔blood in urine may indicate - ✔✔UTI, kidney disease, or bleeding in urinary tract
✔✔dysuria - ✔✔painful or difficutly voiding
✔✔normal urine frequency per day - ✔✔4-6 times
✔✔Urinary - assess - ✔✔history
physical assessment
hydration status
examination of urine
relating data from diagnostic tests and procedures
✔✔diagnostic test for urine - ✔✔BUN / creat
✔✔nocturia - ✔✔voiding 2 or more times at night
✔✔frequency - ✔✔voiding at frequent intervals
✔✔retention - ✔✔emptying of bladder is impaired, urine accumulates, and bladder
becomes over distended
✔✔Tx for UTI - ✔✔anti-microbials
increases fluid intake
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Stoma Care for Clients with an Ostomy - ✔✔-Normal stoma should appear red and
may bleed slightly when touched
-Assess the peristomal skin for irritation each time the appliance is changed
-Treat any irritation or skin breakdown immediately
-Keep skin clean by washing off any excretion and drying thoroughly
-Protect skin, collect stool, and control odor with an ostomy appliance
✔✔ normal color & clarity of urine - ✔✔straw, amber, transparent
✔✔neurogenic bladder - ✔✔impaired neurologic function interfere with normal
mechanisms of elimination
✔✔BUN - ✔✔blood urea nitrogen
end product of protein metabolism
indicator of kidney function
✔✔occult - ✔✔microscopic blood in urine or blood
✔✔abnormal urine color and clarity - ✔✔dark amber, cloudy, dark orange, red or dark
brown, mucous plugs, viscid, thick
✔✔oliguria - ✔✔low urine output - less than 30ml per hour or 500ml per day
✔✔enuresis - ✔✔involuntary voiding beyond age 4 or 5 - bed wetting
✔✔Preventing UTI - ✔✔* drink 8 - 8oz of water per day
* practice frequent voiding (every 2-4 hours)
* avoid use harsh soaps, bubble bath, powder or sprays in perneal area
* avoid tight fitting clothing
* were cotton rather than nylon under clothes
* always wipe perineal area fro front to back following urination and defecation
* take showers rather than baths if recurrent UTI are a problem
✔✔ongoing assessment of clients with indwelling indwelling catheters - ✔✔- ensure
tubing free of obstructions
- ensure tubing not clogged
- ensure tere is no tension on catheter or tubing
- ensure gravity drainage maintained
- ensure no loops in tubing below entry
- every 2-3 hours
- keep drainage receptacle below level of client's bladder
- ensure closed drainage system
, - observe flow of urine q 2-3 hrs
- note color, odor, abnormal consituents
- if sediment present, check more frequency
✔✔Nursing Interventions for clients with indwelling catheters - ✔✔- encourage large amt
of fluid intake
- intake of foods that create acidic urine
- perineal care
- change catheter and drainage system only when necessary
- catherize only when necessary
- maintain sterile closed-drainage system
- remove catheter as soon as possible
- follow good hand hygiiene
- prevent fecal contamination
✔✔ileal conduit - ✔✔ileal loop
most common urinary diversion, segment of ileum removed and intestinal ends are
reattatched, a pouch is created, urine is collected in ileal pouch
✔✔ketones present in urine may indicate - ✔✔diabetes, starvation or excessive
amounts of asprin
✔✔blood in urine may indicate - ✔✔UTI, kidney disease, or bleeding in urinary tract
✔✔dysuria - ✔✔painful or difficutly voiding
✔✔normal urine frequency per day - ✔✔4-6 times
✔✔Urinary - assess - ✔✔history
physical assessment
hydration status
examination of urine
relating data from diagnostic tests and procedures
✔✔diagnostic test for urine - ✔✔BUN / creat
✔✔nocturia - ✔✔voiding 2 or more times at night
✔✔frequency - ✔✔voiding at frequent intervals
✔✔retention - ✔✔emptying of bladder is impaired, urine accumulates, and bladder
becomes over distended
✔✔Tx for UTI - ✔✔anti-microbials
increases fluid intake
