Pharmacology (NURB 285) Exam 1 Latest 2026
Questions and Correct Detailed Answers Already
Graded A+
Metabolism/biotransformation is the process by which a drug is chemically
converted to a form that can be more easily removed from the body. Metabolic
activity is decreased in young or old patients, immunocompromised patients, liver
disease/failure patients, and those who are genetically predisposed to decreased
metabolism. - CORRECT ANSWER-What is metabolism/biotransformation?
Excretion mainly occurs in the kidneys, but it can also occur in bile, the lungs,
saliva, sweat, and breast milk. Renal and liver disease/failure will increase drug
toxicity due to drug accumulation from decreased metabolism or excretion. -
CORRECT ANSWER-Where does excretion mainly occur?
Pharmacodynamics is the study of the way drugs affect the body. - CORRECT
ANSWER-What is pharmacodynamics?
A primary effect is a desirable response from a drug. - CORRECT ANSWER-Is a
primary effect desirable or undesirable?
,A secondary effect is either a desirable or undesirable response from a drug. -
CORRECT ANSWER-Is a secondary effect desirable or undesirable?
A side effect is a secondary effect of drug therapy that can be desirable or
undesirable. All drugs have side effects. - CORRECT ANSWER-What is a side
effect?
An adverse reaction is an unintentional, unexpected reaction to drug therapy that
occurs at a normal drug dosage and is undesirable. - CORRECT ANSWER-What
is an adverse reaction?
A plasma half-life is the length of time needed to decrease drug plasma
concentration by one half. Drugs go through many half lives. - CORRECT
ANSWER-What is a plasma half-life?
A drug peak is the highest concentration of a drug in the blood at a specific time
that indicates the rate of drug absorption. If the peak drug level has been
reached, but there is no therapeutic effect, the dosage should be lowered. -
CORRECT ANSWER-What is a drug peak?
, A drug trough is the lowest concentration of a drug in the blood that measures
the rate at which the drug is eliminated. If the trough drug level has been
reached, but there is no therapeutic effect, the dosage should be raised. -
CORRECT ANSWER-What is a drug trough?
The six rights of medication administration are 1.) right patient, 2.) right drug, 3.)
right dose, 4.) right time, 5.) right route, and 6.) right documentation.
Additionally, right education and right to refuse are also important to consider. -
CORRECT ANSWER-What are the 6 rights of medication administration? What
else is important to consider in addition to these rights?
The oral/enteral (PO) drug route is by mouth. Forms of the PO route include
tablets, capsules, sublingual, buccal, liquids, and via a nasogastric or gastrostomy
tube. Tablets and capsules are the most common drug forms due to convenience,
cheaper prices, and no need for additional supplies. Oral drugs should NOT be
given to patients who are vomiting, lack a gag reflex, or are comatose. -
CORRECT ANSWER-What is the oral/enteral drug route?
The topical drug route is when a drug is applied to the skin/surface. Transdermal
medications, which are stored in a patch that is placed on the skin and is
absorbed through the skin to produce a systemic effect, falls under this category.
Nurses should always protect their own skin with gloves when applying topical or
transdermal medications. - CORRECT ANSWER-What is the topical drug route?
Questions and Correct Detailed Answers Already
Graded A+
Metabolism/biotransformation is the process by which a drug is chemically
converted to a form that can be more easily removed from the body. Metabolic
activity is decreased in young or old patients, immunocompromised patients, liver
disease/failure patients, and those who are genetically predisposed to decreased
metabolism. - CORRECT ANSWER-What is metabolism/biotransformation?
Excretion mainly occurs in the kidneys, but it can also occur in bile, the lungs,
saliva, sweat, and breast milk. Renal and liver disease/failure will increase drug
toxicity due to drug accumulation from decreased metabolism or excretion. -
CORRECT ANSWER-Where does excretion mainly occur?
Pharmacodynamics is the study of the way drugs affect the body. - CORRECT
ANSWER-What is pharmacodynamics?
A primary effect is a desirable response from a drug. - CORRECT ANSWER-Is a
primary effect desirable or undesirable?
,A secondary effect is either a desirable or undesirable response from a drug. -
CORRECT ANSWER-Is a secondary effect desirable or undesirable?
A side effect is a secondary effect of drug therapy that can be desirable or
undesirable. All drugs have side effects. - CORRECT ANSWER-What is a side
effect?
An adverse reaction is an unintentional, unexpected reaction to drug therapy that
occurs at a normal drug dosage and is undesirable. - CORRECT ANSWER-What
is an adverse reaction?
A plasma half-life is the length of time needed to decrease drug plasma
concentration by one half. Drugs go through many half lives. - CORRECT
ANSWER-What is a plasma half-life?
A drug peak is the highest concentration of a drug in the blood at a specific time
that indicates the rate of drug absorption. If the peak drug level has been
reached, but there is no therapeutic effect, the dosage should be lowered. -
CORRECT ANSWER-What is a drug peak?
, A drug trough is the lowest concentration of a drug in the blood that measures
the rate at which the drug is eliminated. If the trough drug level has been
reached, but there is no therapeutic effect, the dosage should be raised. -
CORRECT ANSWER-What is a drug trough?
The six rights of medication administration are 1.) right patient, 2.) right drug, 3.)
right dose, 4.) right time, 5.) right route, and 6.) right documentation.
Additionally, right education and right to refuse are also important to consider. -
CORRECT ANSWER-What are the 6 rights of medication administration? What
else is important to consider in addition to these rights?
The oral/enteral (PO) drug route is by mouth. Forms of the PO route include
tablets, capsules, sublingual, buccal, liquids, and via a nasogastric or gastrostomy
tube. Tablets and capsules are the most common drug forms due to convenience,
cheaper prices, and no need for additional supplies. Oral drugs should NOT be
given to patients who are vomiting, lack a gag reflex, or are comatose. -
CORRECT ANSWER-What is the oral/enteral drug route?
The topical drug route is when a drug is applied to the skin/surface. Transdermal
medications, which are stored in a patch that is placed on the skin and is
absorbed through the skin to produce a systemic effect, falls under this category.
Nurses should always protect their own skin with gloves when applying topical or
transdermal medications. - CORRECT ANSWER-What is the topical drug route?
