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SPCE 630 Final Exam 2026-2027 BANK QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS EXAM QUESTIONS WILL
COME FROM HERE (100% CORRECT ANSWERS A+ GRADED
1. A researcher conducts a multiple baseline design across participants
and observes that behavior change in the second participant begins
immediately after the independent variable is introduced for the first
participant, before the second participant enters the intervention
phase. This threatens which type of experimental control?
A) Maturation
B) Instrumentation
C) Diffusion of treatment
D) Attrition
Answer: C) Diffusion of treatment
Explanation: Diffusion of treatment occurs when the independent
variable influences participants who are not yet supposed to receive it,
such as when participants in different tiers of a multiple baseline design
learn from or imitate those already receiving intervention. This
compromises experimental control because behavior change cannot be
clearly attributed to the planned manipulation.
2. Interobserver agreement data should ideally be collected during
which percentage of all observations?
A) 10-15%
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B) 20-33%
C) 50-60%
D) 75-100%
Answer: B) 20-33%
Explanation: In single-case research, it is recommended that
interobserver agreement data be collected for a minimum of 20-33% of
all observation sessions across all phases of the study. This ensures
adequate sampling to assess the reliability of the dependent variable
measurement without overburdening resources.
3. A student’s disruptive behavior is defined as “calling out, making
noises with objects, and leaving the seat without permission.” This is an
example of which type of definition?
A) Topographical
B) Functional
C) Indirect
D) Mentalistic
Answer: A) Topographical
Explanation: A topographical definition describes the behavior in terms
of its form, observable features, or what the action looks like. The
example lists specific, observable actions, which meets the criteria for a
response class defined by shared form.
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4. A dependent variable that can only be scored as occurring or not
occurring during each interval of an observation is measured using
which recording method?
A) Partial-interval recording
B) Whole-interval recording
C) Momentary time sampling
D) Event recording
Answer: A) Partial-interval recording
Explanation: Partial-interval recording involves scoring whether the
behavior occurs at any point during the interval. The behavior is
recorded as a simple occurrence or non-occurrence within that interval,
making it appropriate for behaviors without a clear start and stop or
when a simple binary index is desired.
5. In a reversal design, re-introducing the baseline condition after an
intervention phase primarily serves to do what?
A) Demonstrate ethical responsibility
B) Assess generalization
C) Replicate the effect of the independent variable
D) Increase social validity
Answer: C) Replicate the effect of the independent variable
Explanation: The A-B-A or reversal design relies on the prediction,
verification, and replication logic. The return to baseline attempts to
demonstrate replication of experimental control by showing that
removal of the independent variable leads to a return of behavior to
, 4|Page
near-baseline levels, thereby replicating the original baseline-to-
intervention effect.
6. Which measure is most appropriate for a target behavior that has a
consistent duration but varies in the number of times it occurs per
session?
A) Percent correct
B) Rate
C) Total duration
D) Latency
Answer: B) Rate
Explanation: Rate, defined as the number of responses per unit of time,
is the most appropriate measure when the primary dimension of
interest is how often a behavior occurs. Using rate controls for
variations in observation session length, ensuring comparability of
frequency data across sessions of different durations.
7. A functional relationship is said to be demonstrated in single-case
research when the researcher has made how many demonstrations of
the effect at different points in time?
A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four
Answer: C) Three
SPCE 630 Final Exam 2026-2027 BANK QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS EXAM QUESTIONS WILL
COME FROM HERE (100% CORRECT ANSWERS A+ GRADED
1. A researcher conducts a multiple baseline design across participants
and observes that behavior change in the second participant begins
immediately after the independent variable is introduced for the first
participant, before the second participant enters the intervention
phase. This threatens which type of experimental control?
A) Maturation
B) Instrumentation
C) Diffusion of treatment
D) Attrition
Answer: C) Diffusion of treatment
Explanation: Diffusion of treatment occurs when the independent
variable influences participants who are not yet supposed to receive it,
such as when participants in different tiers of a multiple baseline design
learn from or imitate those already receiving intervention. This
compromises experimental control because behavior change cannot be
clearly attributed to the planned manipulation.
2. Interobserver agreement data should ideally be collected during
which percentage of all observations?
A) 10-15%
,2|Page
B) 20-33%
C) 50-60%
D) 75-100%
Answer: B) 20-33%
Explanation: In single-case research, it is recommended that
interobserver agreement data be collected for a minimum of 20-33% of
all observation sessions across all phases of the study. This ensures
adequate sampling to assess the reliability of the dependent variable
measurement without overburdening resources.
3. A student’s disruptive behavior is defined as “calling out, making
noises with objects, and leaving the seat without permission.” This is an
example of which type of definition?
A) Topographical
B) Functional
C) Indirect
D) Mentalistic
Answer: A) Topographical
Explanation: A topographical definition describes the behavior in terms
of its form, observable features, or what the action looks like. The
example lists specific, observable actions, which meets the criteria for a
response class defined by shared form.
,3|Page
4. A dependent variable that can only be scored as occurring or not
occurring during each interval of an observation is measured using
which recording method?
A) Partial-interval recording
B) Whole-interval recording
C) Momentary time sampling
D) Event recording
Answer: A) Partial-interval recording
Explanation: Partial-interval recording involves scoring whether the
behavior occurs at any point during the interval. The behavior is
recorded as a simple occurrence or non-occurrence within that interval,
making it appropriate for behaviors without a clear start and stop or
when a simple binary index is desired.
5. In a reversal design, re-introducing the baseline condition after an
intervention phase primarily serves to do what?
A) Demonstrate ethical responsibility
B) Assess generalization
C) Replicate the effect of the independent variable
D) Increase social validity
Answer: C) Replicate the effect of the independent variable
Explanation: The A-B-A or reversal design relies on the prediction,
verification, and replication logic. The return to baseline attempts to
demonstrate replication of experimental control by showing that
removal of the independent variable leads to a return of behavior to
, 4|Page
near-baseline levels, thereby replicating the original baseline-to-
intervention effect.
6. Which measure is most appropriate for a target behavior that has a
consistent duration but varies in the number of times it occurs per
session?
A) Percent correct
B) Rate
C) Total duration
D) Latency
Answer: B) Rate
Explanation: Rate, defined as the number of responses per unit of time,
is the most appropriate measure when the primary dimension of
interest is how often a behavior occurs. Using rate controls for
variations in observation session length, ensuring comparability of
frequency data across sessions of different durations.
7. A functional relationship is said to be demonstrated in single-case
research when the researcher has made how many demonstrations of
the effect at different points in time?
A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four
Answer: C) Three
