NUR 265 Exam 1 | Questions and Answers |
100% Correct - Galen College of Nursing | Rapid
Review Guide | Exam Solutions
• What are key features of nephrotic syndrome? -✓✓-
*Massive proteinuria*
-*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function
• In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater than what? -✓✓3.5g
in 24 hours
• What is nephrotic syndrome treated with? -✓✓-immunosuppressant agents (if
immunity based).
-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
-statins (improve blood lipid levels).
-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney function)
• Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples. -✓✓Decreased perfusion to kidneys.
-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
-Blood/ fluid loss
• Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples. -✓✓Tissue damage to the actual kidneys.
-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
-Sepsis
-Intrarenal bleeding
-Pyelonephritis
• Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples. -✓✓Obstruction that occurs after the kidney.
-Enlarged prostate (BPH)
-Bladder Cancer
-Kidney stones
,• How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)? -✓✓Systolic + (Diastolic*2)
/3
• What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys? -✓✓65 mmHg
• What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs? -✓✓-NSAIDS
-Metformin
-Diuretics
-Antibiotics (especially -mycin)
-Contrast dye
• During the diuretic phase of AKI, what needs to be monitored? -✓✓Watch for
dehydration and make sure output is greater than input
• What are the dietary restrictions for an AKI patient? -✓✓-Low protein
-Low sodium
-Fluid restriction: 1000-1500mL day (for anything except perfusion problem)
• What are the 2 most common causes of CKD? -✓✓-HTN
-Uncontrolled diabetes
• What is azotemia? -✓✓Nitrogenous waste build up
• What are manifestations of uremia? -✓✓•Metallic taste in mouth
•Anorexia
•Nausea/vomiting
•Muscle cramps
•Uremic frost on skin
•Itching
•Fatigue and lethargy
•Hiccups
•Edema
•Dyspnea
•Paresthesia's
• What effects can CKD have on the cardiac system -✓✓-HTN
-Heart failure (major problem. Call the doctor)
-Pericarditis
• What effects can CKD have on the Integumentary system -✓✓-Uremic frost
• What are the dietary restrictions on CKD? -✓✓-Protein (restrict early in disease
process to preserve kidney function)
-Potassium
, -Fluid
-Sodium
• Describe hemodialysis -✓✓-3x a week- 4-5 hours
-At risk for bleeding do to heparin
-Extremely fatigued post.
-Vitals and weight before and after
-Slight fever post is normal. Monitor.
• Describe peritoneal dialysis -✓✓-Sterile procedure at home where catheter is placed
into the abdomen
-Wear a mask
-Solution may be warmed using a heating bag or blanket, not microwave!
-Make sure patient turns and repositions to mix solution in the cavity
• Describe nursing care for an AV fistula. -✓✓-Palpate and auscultate- bruit and thrill
-Distal pulses
-ROM- helps form the fistula
-Monitor for infection
-No heavy lifting or carrying
-No pressure
-Aneurysm can form at AV fistula site
• Describe dialysis disequilibrium syndrome -✓✓-Life threatening! (occurs if fluid is
pulled off too fast)
-S/S: restless, headache, decreased LOC, seizures, coma
-Call a rapid immediately
-Give barbiturates and anticonvulsants
• What is cirrhosis? -✓✓An extensive, irreversible scarring of the liver.
• What are common causes of cirrhosis? -✓✓-ETOH
-Viral hepatitis (HEP C)
- Autoimmune hepatitis
-Drugs and chemicals (aetaminophen or anything else hepatotoxic)
• What are early S/S of cirrhosis? -✓✓-Enlarged liver
-Fatigue
-Weight loss
-Anorexia
-N/V
-Abdominal pain
-dry skin
-brusing
-spinder angioma
100% Correct - Galen College of Nursing | Rapid
Review Guide | Exam Solutions
• What are key features of nephrotic syndrome? -✓✓-
*Massive proteinuria*
-*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function
• In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater than what? -✓✓3.5g
in 24 hours
• What is nephrotic syndrome treated with? -✓✓-immunosuppressant agents (if
immunity based).
-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
-statins (improve blood lipid levels).
-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney function)
• Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples. -✓✓Decreased perfusion to kidneys.
-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
-Blood/ fluid loss
• Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples. -✓✓Tissue damage to the actual kidneys.
-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
-Sepsis
-Intrarenal bleeding
-Pyelonephritis
• Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples. -✓✓Obstruction that occurs after the kidney.
-Enlarged prostate (BPH)
-Bladder Cancer
-Kidney stones
,• How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)? -✓✓Systolic + (Diastolic*2)
/3
• What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys? -✓✓65 mmHg
• What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs? -✓✓-NSAIDS
-Metformin
-Diuretics
-Antibiotics (especially -mycin)
-Contrast dye
• During the diuretic phase of AKI, what needs to be monitored? -✓✓Watch for
dehydration and make sure output is greater than input
• What are the dietary restrictions for an AKI patient? -✓✓-Low protein
-Low sodium
-Fluid restriction: 1000-1500mL day (for anything except perfusion problem)
• What are the 2 most common causes of CKD? -✓✓-HTN
-Uncontrolled diabetes
• What is azotemia? -✓✓Nitrogenous waste build up
• What are manifestations of uremia? -✓✓•Metallic taste in mouth
•Anorexia
•Nausea/vomiting
•Muscle cramps
•Uremic frost on skin
•Itching
•Fatigue and lethargy
•Hiccups
•Edema
•Dyspnea
•Paresthesia's
• What effects can CKD have on the cardiac system -✓✓-HTN
-Heart failure (major problem. Call the doctor)
-Pericarditis
• What effects can CKD have on the Integumentary system -✓✓-Uremic frost
• What are the dietary restrictions on CKD? -✓✓-Protein (restrict early in disease
process to preserve kidney function)
-Potassium
, -Fluid
-Sodium
• Describe hemodialysis -✓✓-3x a week- 4-5 hours
-At risk for bleeding do to heparin
-Extremely fatigued post.
-Vitals and weight before and after
-Slight fever post is normal. Monitor.
• Describe peritoneal dialysis -✓✓-Sterile procedure at home where catheter is placed
into the abdomen
-Wear a mask
-Solution may be warmed using a heating bag or blanket, not microwave!
-Make sure patient turns and repositions to mix solution in the cavity
• Describe nursing care for an AV fistula. -✓✓-Palpate and auscultate- bruit and thrill
-Distal pulses
-ROM- helps form the fistula
-Monitor for infection
-No heavy lifting or carrying
-No pressure
-Aneurysm can form at AV fistula site
• Describe dialysis disequilibrium syndrome -✓✓-Life threatening! (occurs if fluid is
pulled off too fast)
-S/S: restless, headache, decreased LOC, seizures, coma
-Call a rapid immediately
-Give barbiturates and anticonvulsants
• What is cirrhosis? -✓✓An extensive, irreversible scarring of the liver.
• What are common causes of cirrhosis? -✓✓-ETOH
-Viral hepatitis (HEP C)
- Autoimmune hepatitis
-Drugs and chemicals (aetaminophen or anything else hepatotoxic)
• What are early S/S of cirrhosis? -✓✓-Enlarged liver
-Fatigue
-Weight loss
-Anorexia
-N/V
-Abdominal pain
-dry skin
-brusing
-spinder angioma
