PHI 240 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
utility - Answers - for the greater good
egoism - Answers - everyone ought to act in their own self interest
categorical imperative - Answers - act only on the maxim that you can will to be
universal law
the four categorical imperatives - Answers - lie, suicide, kill, steal
practical imperative - Answers - never consider a person merely as a means to an end,
but always as an end unto themselves
justice - Answers - social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so that they are
both 1) reasonably expected to be to everyone's advantage and 2) attached to positions
and offices open to all.
prima facie duties - Answers - list of duties to follow, follow stronger duty/greater
number of duties/greatest amount of rightness over wrongness (like a balancing scale
giving different weight to each duty)
the seven prima facie duties - Answers - fidelity (telling truth, keeping promises)
reparation, gratitude, justice (proper distribution of good and bad), beneficence (help
others improve virtue and happiness), self-improvement, nonmaleficence
golden mean - Answers - the mean of two extremes of a virtue (virtue to an extreme is
bad). (also related: learning by trying)
care ethics - Answers - feminism, equity, egalitarian (women & men are the same),
different moral attitudes (different but not better/worse)
jus ad bellem - Answers - justice of war
jus in bello - Answers - justice in war
justice of war principles (5) - Answers - just cause, proper authority, right intention,
reasonable chance at success, end proportional to means
justice in war principles (2) - Answers - descrimination (who is a legitimate target),
proportionality (how much force is appropriate)
non-argument theories (4) - Answers - divine command, emotive theory, empirical
theory (that's the way it is, so that is how it should be), conscience
utility - Answers - for the greater good
egoism - Answers - everyone ought to act in their own self interest
categorical imperative - Answers - act only on the maxim that you can will to be
universal law
the four categorical imperatives - Answers - lie, suicide, kill, steal
practical imperative - Answers - never consider a person merely as a means to an end,
but always as an end unto themselves
justice - Answers - social and economic inequalities are to be arranged so that they are
both 1) reasonably expected to be to everyone's advantage and 2) attached to positions
and offices open to all.
prima facie duties - Answers - list of duties to follow, follow stronger duty/greater
number of duties/greatest amount of rightness over wrongness (like a balancing scale
giving different weight to each duty)
the seven prima facie duties - Answers - fidelity (telling truth, keeping promises)
reparation, gratitude, justice (proper distribution of good and bad), beneficence (help
others improve virtue and happiness), self-improvement, nonmaleficence
golden mean - Answers - the mean of two extremes of a virtue (virtue to an extreme is
bad). (also related: learning by trying)
care ethics - Answers - feminism, equity, egalitarian (women & men are the same),
different moral attitudes (different but not better/worse)
jus ad bellem - Answers - justice of war
jus in bello - Answers - justice in war
justice of war principles (5) - Answers - just cause, proper authority, right intention,
reasonable chance at success, end proportional to means
justice in war principles (2) - Answers - descrimination (who is a legitimate target),
proportionality (how much force is appropriate)
non-argument theories (4) - Answers - divine command, emotive theory, empirical
theory (that's the way it is, so that is how it should be), conscience
