Rasmussen Pathophysiology Exam 2
180+ Updated Study Guide Questions and
Answers | Focused Revision Pack | A+
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• peritonitis -✓✓inflammation of the peritoneum (membrane lining the abdominal
cavity and surrounding the organs within it)
• Why does the abdomen become rigid with peritonitis? -✓✓Due to inflammation
And abdominal muscle spasms
• Ulcerative colitis V Chron's -✓✓UC:
- Condition in mucosa only
- Begins in the rectum and then extends to the entire colon
- Develops fast (20-30 sec)
- Rarely affects small intestines
- inflammation triggered by T cells accumulation in mucosa
Chron's:
- Condition that is full thickness
- Can be anywhere in small/large intestine (colon)
- Cobblestone appearance (fissures/nodules)
- loses ability to digest and absorb
- Abd. pain in right lower quadrant
- Intestinal wall is thick/rigid
- Progressive condition that is slow developing
• pancreatitis -✓✓inflammation of the pancreas (acute/chronic)
• acute pancreatitis -✓✓Cholelithiasis
-Medical emergency
- sudden and severe
• chronic pancreatitis -✓✓Alcohol abuse
- gradual but harmful effects
, • acute pancreatitis manifestations -✓✓- Upper abdominal pain that radiates to the
back, worsens after eating, and is somewhat relieved by leaning forward or pulling
the knees toward the chest
-Nausea and vomiting
-Mild jaundice
-Low-grade fever
-Blood pressure and pulse changes
• chronic pancreatitis manifestations -✓✓-Upper abdominal pain
-Indigestion
-Losing weight without trying
-Steatorrhea
-Constipation
-Flatulence
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): -✓✓chyme or bile periodically backs
up from the stomach into the esophagus, irritating the esophageal mucosa
• causes of heartburn -✓✓due to spasm from acid reflux
• GERD complications -✓✓esophagitis, strictures, ulcerations, esophageal cancer
(the most serious complication), and chronic pulmonary disease
• Cleft palate -✓✓palate results from failure of the hard and soft palate to fuse in
development, creating an opening between the oral and nasal cavity
• Cleft lip -✓✓Cleft lip results from failure of the maxillary processes and nasal
elevations or upper lip to fuse during development
• -✓✓Can affect one's appearance and may lead to feeding issues, speech
problems, ear infections, and hearing problems
• · Causes of cleft lip and palate -✓✓develop at 4-9 weeks gestation- genetic
mutations, drugs, toxins, viruses, vitamin deficiencies, and cigarette smoking
• appendicitis & manifestations -✓✓inflammation of the appendix & Sharp
abdominal pain gradually intensifies (over about 12-24 hours), localized to the
lower right quadrant of the abdomen, Rebound tenderness, (Pain may occur
180+ Updated Study Guide Questions and
Answers | Focused Revision Pack | A+
Verified
• peritonitis -✓✓inflammation of the peritoneum (membrane lining the abdominal
cavity and surrounding the organs within it)
• Why does the abdomen become rigid with peritonitis? -✓✓Due to inflammation
And abdominal muscle spasms
• Ulcerative colitis V Chron's -✓✓UC:
- Condition in mucosa only
- Begins in the rectum and then extends to the entire colon
- Develops fast (20-30 sec)
- Rarely affects small intestines
- inflammation triggered by T cells accumulation in mucosa
Chron's:
- Condition that is full thickness
- Can be anywhere in small/large intestine (colon)
- Cobblestone appearance (fissures/nodules)
- loses ability to digest and absorb
- Abd. pain in right lower quadrant
- Intestinal wall is thick/rigid
- Progressive condition that is slow developing
• pancreatitis -✓✓inflammation of the pancreas (acute/chronic)
• acute pancreatitis -✓✓Cholelithiasis
-Medical emergency
- sudden and severe
• chronic pancreatitis -✓✓Alcohol abuse
- gradual but harmful effects
, • acute pancreatitis manifestations -✓✓- Upper abdominal pain that radiates to the
back, worsens after eating, and is somewhat relieved by leaning forward or pulling
the knees toward the chest
-Nausea and vomiting
-Mild jaundice
-Low-grade fever
-Blood pressure and pulse changes
• chronic pancreatitis manifestations -✓✓-Upper abdominal pain
-Indigestion
-Losing weight without trying
-Steatorrhea
-Constipation
-Flatulence
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): -✓✓chyme or bile periodically backs
up from the stomach into the esophagus, irritating the esophageal mucosa
• causes of heartburn -✓✓due to spasm from acid reflux
• GERD complications -✓✓esophagitis, strictures, ulcerations, esophageal cancer
(the most serious complication), and chronic pulmonary disease
• Cleft palate -✓✓palate results from failure of the hard and soft palate to fuse in
development, creating an opening between the oral and nasal cavity
• Cleft lip -✓✓Cleft lip results from failure of the maxillary processes and nasal
elevations or upper lip to fuse during development
• -✓✓Can affect one's appearance and may lead to feeding issues, speech
problems, ear infections, and hearing problems
• · Causes of cleft lip and palate -✓✓develop at 4-9 weeks gestation- genetic
mutations, drugs, toxins, viruses, vitamin deficiencies, and cigarette smoking
• appendicitis & manifestations -✓✓inflammation of the appendix & Sharp
abdominal pain gradually intensifies (over about 12-24 hours), localized to the
lower right quadrant of the abdomen, Rebound tenderness, (Pain may occur
