Rasmussen Pathophysiology Exam 1 New Practice
Questions and Answers | Complete Exam Prep
Resource | A+ Pass Guaranteed
• pH range . Answer: 7.35-7.45
• PaCO2 range . Answer: 35-45
• HCO3 range . Answer: 22-26
• changes in CO2 excretion . Answer: respiratory
• changes in HCO3 excretion or retention . Answer: metabolic
• Causes of respiratory acidosis . Answer: Hypoventilation
Sleep apnea
CNS depressants (opioid, alcohol, benzos)
Impaired gas exchange: pneumonia, pulmonary edema, COPD, asthma
• Clinical manifestations of respiratory acidosis . Answer: Rapid, shallow respirations
Drowsiness, dizziness, disorientation
Headache
Hyperkalemia
• Causes of respiratory alkalosis . Answer: Prolonged hyperventilation is most common
• Clinical manifestations of respiratory alkalosis . Answer: Seizures
Tachycardia
Numb/tingling extremities
Lethargy
Confusion
• Causes of metabolic acidosis . Answer: Severe diarrhea
Renal Failure
Shock
Cardiac arrest
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Changes in potassium levels
*Watch for seizure activity*
• Clinical Manifestations of metabolic acidosis . Answer: Hyperkalemia
Hypotension
Shock
Coma
, • Causes of metabolic alkalosis . Answer: Excessive vomiting
Excessive NG suction (stomach pump)
• Clinical manifestations of metabolic alkalosis . Answer: Tremors/muscle cramps
Tingling fingers/toes
Vomiting/nausea
Restlessness followed by lethargy
• Potassium range and main function . Answer: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Electrical conduction in heart
• Causes of hyperkalemia . Answer: Renal Failure
Addison's disease
Insulin deficiency
Metabolic acidosis
Massive trauma
NSAIDS (ibuprofen, aspirin)
• Signs/symptoms of hyperkalemia . Answer: Muscle cramps
Paresthesia (tingling/numb)
Bradycardia
EKG changes
Cardiac arrest/arrhythmias
• Causes of hypokalemia . Answer: Vomit/diarrhea
Laxative/diuretic use
Malnutrition
Alkalosis
Excess insulin
• Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia . Answer: Hyporeflexia
Hypotension
*Cardiac arrhythmias*
Cardiac arrest
• Sodium range and main function . Answer: 135-145 mEq/L
Water balance - regulated by kidneys and aldosterone
• Causes of hypernatremia . Answer: Excessive sodium intake
Inadequate water intake
Excessive water loss/sweating
Cushing's syndrome
• Signs/symptoms of hypernatremia . Answer: Increased temperature
Increased thirst
Seizures
Questions and Answers | Complete Exam Prep
Resource | A+ Pass Guaranteed
• pH range . Answer: 7.35-7.45
• PaCO2 range . Answer: 35-45
• HCO3 range . Answer: 22-26
• changes in CO2 excretion . Answer: respiratory
• changes in HCO3 excretion or retention . Answer: metabolic
• Causes of respiratory acidosis . Answer: Hypoventilation
Sleep apnea
CNS depressants (opioid, alcohol, benzos)
Impaired gas exchange: pneumonia, pulmonary edema, COPD, asthma
• Clinical manifestations of respiratory acidosis . Answer: Rapid, shallow respirations
Drowsiness, dizziness, disorientation
Headache
Hyperkalemia
• Causes of respiratory alkalosis . Answer: Prolonged hyperventilation is most common
• Clinical manifestations of respiratory alkalosis . Answer: Seizures
Tachycardia
Numb/tingling extremities
Lethargy
Confusion
• Causes of metabolic acidosis . Answer: Severe diarrhea
Renal Failure
Shock
Cardiac arrest
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Changes in potassium levels
*Watch for seizure activity*
• Clinical Manifestations of metabolic acidosis . Answer: Hyperkalemia
Hypotension
Shock
Coma
, • Causes of metabolic alkalosis . Answer: Excessive vomiting
Excessive NG suction (stomach pump)
• Clinical manifestations of metabolic alkalosis . Answer: Tremors/muscle cramps
Tingling fingers/toes
Vomiting/nausea
Restlessness followed by lethargy
• Potassium range and main function . Answer: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Electrical conduction in heart
• Causes of hyperkalemia . Answer: Renal Failure
Addison's disease
Insulin deficiency
Metabolic acidosis
Massive trauma
NSAIDS (ibuprofen, aspirin)
• Signs/symptoms of hyperkalemia . Answer: Muscle cramps
Paresthesia (tingling/numb)
Bradycardia
EKG changes
Cardiac arrest/arrhythmias
• Causes of hypokalemia . Answer: Vomit/diarrhea
Laxative/diuretic use
Malnutrition
Alkalosis
Excess insulin
• Signs and symptoms of hypokalemia . Answer: Hyporeflexia
Hypotension
*Cardiac arrhythmias*
Cardiac arrest
• Sodium range and main function . Answer: 135-145 mEq/L
Water balance - regulated by kidneys and aldosterone
• Causes of hypernatremia . Answer: Excessive sodium intake
Inadequate water intake
Excessive water loss/sweating
Cushing's syndrome
• Signs/symptoms of hypernatremia . Answer: Increased temperature
Increased thirst
Seizures
