Rasmussen Pathophysiology Exam 1 Updated Study
Guide Questions and Answers | Focused Revision
Pack | A+ Verified
function of mitochondria . Answer: ATP production/cellular respiration, powerhouse of
the cell
Rough ER . Answer: That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
Smooth ER . Answer: That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of
ribosomes.
Homeostasis . Answer: A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state;
the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a
particular level
Hypertrophy . Answer: increase in muscle/tissue size, excessive development
atrophy . Answer: the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive decline
or failure; to waste away
Ischemia . Answer: an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body,
especially the heart muscles.
S/S of Objective Data . Answer: Any observations made by using your senses (pts.
blood pressure, physical findings, and lab values)
S/S of Subjective Data . Answer: Any symptoms pt. complains of, what the pt. feels
(pain)
Epinephrine . Answer: Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to
stress. Also known as adrenaline.
Renin . Answer: hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing
vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
What causes edema? . Answer: -reduced concentration of plasma proteins
-increased permeability of capillary wall
-increased venous pressure
-blockage of lymph vessels
Signs and symptoms of fluid excess . Answer: edema, dysnpea (trouble breathing),
hyptertension (high bp), JVD, pulse increase and bounding, weight increase
, Signs and symptoms of dehydration . Answer: Dry mucous membranes, decreased skin
turgor, Low BP, Low pulse, fatigue, Increased HCT, decreased mental function,
confusion, and loss of consciousness
S/S of hypocalcemia . Answer: - muscle twitches/tetany
- hyperactive DTRs
- positive Chvostek's sign (tapping on the facial nerve triggering facial twitching)
- positive Trousseau's sign (hand/finger spasms with sustained blood pressure cuff
inflation)
- seizures
Osmosis . Answer: Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Diffusion . Answer: Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an
area of lower concentration.
active transport . Answer: Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration difference
Effect of hypertonic solution . Answer: cell shrinks and can die
effect of a hypotonic solution . Answer: cell swells and can burst
active immunity . Answer: A form of acquired immunity in which the body produces its
own antibodies against disease-causing antigens.
passive immunity . Answer: An individual does not produce his or her own antibodies,
but rather receives them directly from another source, such as mother to infant through
breast milk
Examples of active immunity . Answer: natural infection, vaccines,
Examples of passive immunity . Answer: IgA in breast milk, maternal IgG crossing
placenta, antitoxin, humanized monoclonal antibody
acquired immunity . Answer: Immunity that is present only after exposure and is highly
specific.
examples of acquired immunity . Answer: 1) having the infection 2) vaccination
innate immunity . Answer: Immunity that is present before exposure and effective from
birth. Responds to a broad range of pathogens.
Examples of innate immunity . Answer: skin, hair, cilia, mucus membranes, digestive
enzymes, stomach acidity, inflammatory response, fever, inflammation
Guide Questions and Answers | Focused Revision
Pack | A+ Verified
function of mitochondria . Answer: ATP production/cellular respiration, powerhouse of
the cell
Rough ER . Answer: That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
Smooth ER . Answer: That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of
ribosomes.
Homeostasis . Answer: A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state;
the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a
particular level
Hypertrophy . Answer: increase in muscle/tissue size, excessive development
atrophy . Answer: the wasting away of a body organ or tissue; any progressive decline
or failure; to waste away
Ischemia . Answer: an inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body,
especially the heart muscles.
S/S of Objective Data . Answer: Any observations made by using your senses (pts.
blood pressure, physical findings, and lab values)
S/S of Subjective Data . Answer: Any symptoms pt. complains of, what the pt. feels
(pain)
Epinephrine . Answer: Neurotransmitter secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to
stress. Also known as adrenaline.
Renin . Answer: hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing
vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)
What causes edema? . Answer: -reduced concentration of plasma proteins
-increased permeability of capillary wall
-increased venous pressure
-blockage of lymph vessels
Signs and symptoms of fluid excess . Answer: edema, dysnpea (trouble breathing),
hyptertension (high bp), JVD, pulse increase and bounding, weight increase
, Signs and symptoms of dehydration . Answer: Dry mucous membranes, decreased skin
turgor, Low BP, Low pulse, fatigue, Increased HCT, decreased mental function,
confusion, and loss of consciousness
S/S of hypocalcemia . Answer: - muscle twitches/tetany
- hyperactive DTRs
- positive Chvostek's sign (tapping on the facial nerve triggering facial twitching)
- positive Trousseau's sign (hand/finger spasms with sustained blood pressure cuff
inflation)
- seizures
Osmosis . Answer: Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Diffusion . Answer: Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an
area of lower concentration.
active transport . Answer: Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration difference
Effect of hypertonic solution . Answer: cell shrinks and can die
effect of a hypotonic solution . Answer: cell swells and can burst
active immunity . Answer: A form of acquired immunity in which the body produces its
own antibodies against disease-causing antigens.
passive immunity . Answer: An individual does not produce his or her own antibodies,
but rather receives them directly from another source, such as mother to infant through
breast milk
Examples of active immunity . Answer: natural infection, vaccines,
Examples of passive immunity . Answer: IgA in breast milk, maternal IgG crossing
placenta, antitoxin, humanized monoclonal antibody
acquired immunity . Answer: Immunity that is present only after exposure and is highly
specific.
examples of acquired immunity . Answer: 1) having the infection 2) vaccination
innate immunity . Answer: Immunity that is present before exposure and effective from
birth. Responds to a broad range of pathogens.
Examples of innate immunity . Answer: skin, hair, cilia, mucus membranes, digestive
enzymes, stomach acidity, inflammatory response, fever, inflammation
