ATI Comprehensive Predictor 2025-
2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
RBC - ANSWER-females 4.2-5.4 million
males 4.7-6.1 million
decrease RBC - ANSWER-anemia
WBC - ANSWER-5,000-10,000
elevated WBC - ANSWER-infection
decreased WBC - ANSWER-immunosuppression
Iron - ANSWER-females 60-160 mcg
males 80-180
elevated iron - ANSWER-hemochromatosis, iron excess
liver disorder, magaloblastic anemia
decreased iron - ANSWER-anemia or hemorrhage
platelets - ANSWER-150,000-4000,000
increased platelets - ANSWER-malignancy or polycythemia vera
decreased platelets - ANSWER-autoimmune disease
bone marrow suppression or enlarged spleen
Hbg - ANSWER-females 12-16
males 14-18
decrease Hgb and Hct - ANSWER-anemia
Hct - ANSWER-females 37%-47%
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,males 42-52%
anemia in children
S & SX: - ANSWER-pallor, brittle spoon shaped nails
irritability, muscle weakness
systolic heart murmur, enlarged heart, HF
iron supplements - ANSWER-give 1 hr before or 2 hr after antacid to prevent
malabsorpt
N/D and constipation common at start of therapy
use straw for liquid iron to prevent staining of teeth
aPTT - ANSWER-1.5-2X control range of 30-40 seconds
test clotting factors and monitor heparin therapy
increased aPTT - ANSWER-hemophilia
disseminated intravascular coagulation DIC
liver disease
PT - ANSWER-11-12.5 seconds, 85-100%
increased PT time - ANSWER-evidence of deficiency or clotting
decreaed PT time - ANSWER-evidence of vit K excess= bleed out
acute hemolytic blood transfusion reactions - ANSWER-**low back pain, TACHYcardia,
HYPOtension
febrile reactions - ANSWER-30 min-6 hr after transfusion
-chills, fever, flushing, headache
use WBC filter, administer antipyretics
mild allergic reactions - ANSWER-during or up to 24hr after transfusion
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,- itching, urticarial, flushing
administer benadryl
anaphylactic shock - ANSWER-wheezing, dyspnea, cyanosis, hypotension
maintain airway, admin O2, IV fluids, antihistamines, corticosteroids and vasopressor
fluid overload - ANSWER-HYPERtension,
jugular vein distention, peripheral edema
orthopnea, crackles at base of lungs
sudden anxiety
sepsis and septic shock - ANSWER--fever, N/V, abdominal pain, chills HYPOtension
administer antibiotics, blood cultures, vasopressor (dopamine)
if disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) - ANSWER-admin heparin in early stage
-blood products and clotting factors in late stage
PICA - ANSWER-eating things like soil, chalk, for at least 1 month
parenteral iron - ANSWER-given Z track
erythropoietin - epoetin alfa (epogen, Procrit) - ANSWER-used to increased production
of RBC
monitor increase in BP, Hgb, Hct
folic acid - ANSWER-turn urine dark yellow
necessary for new RBC
hypovolemia causes - ANSWER-peritonitis, ascites, burns , NPO
causes of dehydration - ANSWER-hyperventilation
DKA
tube feeding without sufficient water intake
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, subjective and objective HYPOvolemia - ANSWER-Hyperthermia, Tachycardia,
HYPOtension
decreased central venous pressure
hypoxia
thirst, dizziness, N/V,
-poor skin turgor, tentin
lab test hypovolemia - ANSWER-increased: HCT, specific gravity, NA, protein, BUN,
glucose
Hypervolemia causes - ANSWER-HF, cirrhosis, increased gluccorticosteroids
hypertonic fluids
S & SX HYPERvolemia - ANSWER-bounding pulse, increased CVP, HYPERtension,
confusion, muscle weakness, ascites, diminished breath sounds, distended neck veins
lab test HYPERvolemia - ANSWER-Decreased: HCT, BUN, electro
respiratory alkalosis PaCO2 less than 35, increased PH
notify doctor if - ANSWER-weight gain 1-2 lb/24 or 3 lb in a wk
foods high in potassium - ANSWER-avocados, broccoili, dairy products, dried fruit,
cantaloupe, bananas
HYPOcalcemia - ANSWER-positive chvosteks ( facial twitching)
positive trousseau (hand/finger spasm with blood pressure cuff inflation
excess caffeine causes excretion - ANSWER-calcium in urine
secondary osteoporosis results from - ANSWER-hyperparathyroidism, long term
corticosteroid
long term anticonvulsant (Dilantin)
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2026 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
RBC - ANSWER-females 4.2-5.4 million
males 4.7-6.1 million
decrease RBC - ANSWER-anemia
WBC - ANSWER-5,000-10,000
elevated WBC - ANSWER-infection
decreased WBC - ANSWER-immunosuppression
Iron - ANSWER-females 60-160 mcg
males 80-180
elevated iron - ANSWER-hemochromatosis, iron excess
liver disorder, magaloblastic anemia
decreased iron - ANSWER-anemia or hemorrhage
platelets - ANSWER-150,000-4000,000
increased platelets - ANSWER-malignancy or polycythemia vera
decreased platelets - ANSWER-autoimmune disease
bone marrow suppression or enlarged spleen
Hbg - ANSWER-females 12-16
males 14-18
decrease Hgb and Hct - ANSWER-anemia
Hct - ANSWER-females 37%-47%
Page 1 of 71
,males 42-52%
anemia in children
S & SX: - ANSWER-pallor, brittle spoon shaped nails
irritability, muscle weakness
systolic heart murmur, enlarged heart, HF
iron supplements - ANSWER-give 1 hr before or 2 hr after antacid to prevent
malabsorpt
N/D and constipation common at start of therapy
use straw for liquid iron to prevent staining of teeth
aPTT - ANSWER-1.5-2X control range of 30-40 seconds
test clotting factors and monitor heparin therapy
increased aPTT - ANSWER-hemophilia
disseminated intravascular coagulation DIC
liver disease
PT - ANSWER-11-12.5 seconds, 85-100%
increased PT time - ANSWER-evidence of deficiency or clotting
decreaed PT time - ANSWER-evidence of vit K excess= bleed out
acute hemolytic blood transfusion reactions - ANSWER-**low back pain, TACHYcardia,
HYPOtension
febrile reactions - ANSWER-30 min-6 hr after transfusion
-chills, fever, flushing, headache
use WBC filter, administer antipyretics
mild allergic reactions - ANSWER-during or up to 24hr after transfusion
Page 2 of 71
,- itching, urticarial, flushing
administer benadryl
anaphylactic shock - ANSWER-wheezing, dyspnea, cyanosis, hypotension
maintain airway, admin O2, IV fluids, antihistamines, corticosteroids and vasopressor
fluid overload - ANSWER-HYPERtension,
jugular vein distention, peripheral edema
orthopnea, crackles at base of lungs
sudden anxiety
sepsis and septic shock - ANSWER--fever, N/V, abdominal pain, chills HYPOtension
administer antibiotics, blood cultures, vasopressor (dopamine)
if disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) - ANSWER-admin heparin in early stage
-blood products and clotting factors in late stage
PICA - ANSWER-eating things like soil, chalk, for at least 1 month
parenteral iron - ANSWER-given Z track
erythropoietin - epoetin alfa (epogen, Procrit) - ANSWER-used to increased production
of RBC
monitor increase in BP, Hgb, Hct
folic acid - ANSWER-turn urine dark yellow
necessary for new RBC
hypovolemia causes - ANSWER-peritonitis, ascites, burns , NPO
causes of dehydration - ANSWER-hyperventilation
DKA
tube feeding without sufficient water intake
Page 3 of 71
, subjective and objective HYPOvolemia - ANSWER-Hyperthermia, Tachycardia,
HYPOtension
decreased central venous pressure
hypoxia
thirst, dizziness, N/V,
-poor skin turgor, tentin
lab test hypovolemia - ANSWER-increased: HCT, specific gravity, NA, protein, BUN,
glucose
Hypervolemia causes - ANSWER-HF, cirrhosis, increased gluccorticosteroids
hypertonic fluids
S & SX HYPERvolemia - ANSWER-bounding pulse, increased CVP, HYPERtension,
confusion, muscle weakness, ascites, diminished breath sounds, distended neck veins
lab test HYPERvolemia - ANSWER-Decreased: HCT, BUN, electro
respiratory alkalosis PaCO2 less than 35, increased PH
notify doctor if - ANSWER-weight gain 1-2 lb/24 or 3 lb in a wk
foods high in potassium - ANSWER-avocados, broccoili, dairy products, dried fruit,
cantaloupe, bananas
HYPOcalcemia - ANSWER-positive chvosteks ( facial twitching)
positive trousseau (hand/finger spasm with blood pressure cuff inflation
excess caffeine causes excretion - ANSWER-calcium in urine
secondary osteoporosis results from - ANSWER-hyperparathyroidism, long term
corticosteroid
long term anticonvulsant (Dilantin)
Page 4 of 71
