ATLS PRACTICE 2 COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
GUIDE 2026 ADVANCED TRAUMA LIFE
SUPPORT PRINCIPLES AND EMERGENCY CARE
◉ (*)Degree of burn that is characterized by bone involvement.
Answer: Fourth
◉ Complications of head trauma.
Answer: Intracerebral hematoma
Extradural hematoma
Brain abscess
◉ Most common cause of laryngotracheal stenosis.
Answer: Trauma
◉ Intervention that can help prevent development of acute renal
failure.
Answer: Infusion of normal saline
◉ A 26-year-old male is resuscitated with blood transfusion after a
motor vehicle collision that was complicated by a fractured pelvis. A
few hours later, the patient becomes febrile, hypotensive with a
,normal CVP, and oliguric. Upon examination, the patient is found to
be bleeding from the NG tube and IV sites. Which of the following is
the most likely diagnosis?
A. Hemorrhagic shock
B. Acute adrenal insufficiency
C. Fat embolism syndrome
D. Transfusion reaction.
Answer: D. Transfusion reaction
◉ Skin antiseptic.
Answer: -Ethanol 70% is an effective skin antiseptic
-Acetic acid can be used to treat Gram- skin infections
-Salicylic acid is used to treat certain skin yeast infections
◉ Class IV hemorrhage indicates what % blood loss.
Answer: 55%
◉ How does shivering affect body temperature.
Answer: Increases body temperature
◉ Class III hemorrhage indicates what % of blood loss.
Answer: 35%
,◉ Management of a stable patient with kidney contusion.
Answer: Observation
◉ Associated with hypovolemic shock.
Answer: -Inadequate tissue perfusion with resultant tissue hypoxia
-Blood shunting to vital organs
-Decreased circulating blood volume and decreased venous return
-Low cardiac output
-Loss of less than 20% of the blood volume is usually without
symptom except for mild tachycardia
-Patients become orthostatic with losses between 20 and 40%
-Shock is evidenced by tachycardia, hypotension, oliguria, flat neck
veins
◉ The most effective method of monitoring the success of
resuscitation during CPR?.
Answer: Reactivity of pupils to light
◉ Used to ensure correct placement of endotracheal tube.
Answer: -Ultrasound
-Bilateral breath sounds
, -Sustained end-tidal CO2
◉ Total body surface area involved in a burn in an adult to the
anterior chest and abdomen.
Answer: 18%
◉ What is often caused by carotid massage?.
Answer: Bradycardia
◉ Step in a patient diagnosed with tension pneumothorax.
Answer: 1. Needle decompression/ thoracotomy
2. Chest tube
◉ True statements regarding diaphragmatic injuries.
Answer: -Blunt diaphragmatic injuries are usually associated with
skeletal trauma
-Penetrating diaphragmatic injuries may be missed
-Repair of traumatic diaphragmatic injuries usually does not require
prosthetic material
◉ First priority in the treatment of an unconscious patient.
Answer: Checking the pulse
GUIDE 2026 ADVANCED TRAUMA LIFE
SUPPORT PRINCIPLES AND EMERGENCY CARE
◉ (*)Degree of burn that is characterized by bone involvement.
Answer: Fourth
◉ Complications of head trauma.
Answer: Intracerebral hematoma
Extradural hematoma
Brain abscess
◉ Most common cause of laryngotracheal stenosis.
Answer: Trauma
◉ Intervention that can help prevent development of acute renal
failure.
Answer: Infusion of normal saline
◉ A 26-year-old male is resuscitated with blood transfusion after a
motor vehicle collision that was complicated by a fractured pelvis. A
few hours later, the patient becomes febrile, hypotensive with a
,normal CVP, and oliguric. Upon examination, the patient is found to
be bleeding from the NG tube and IV sites. Which of the following is
the most likely diagnosis?
A. Hemorrhagic shock
B. Acute adrenal insufficiency
C. Fat embolism syndrome
D. Transfusion reaction.
Answer: D. Transfusion reaction
◉ Skin antiseptic.
Answer: -Ethanol 70% is an effective skin antiseptic
-Acetic acid can be used to treat Gram- skin infections
-Salicylic acid is used to treat certain skin yeast infections
◉ Class IV hemorrhage indicates what % blood loss.
Answer: 55%
◉ How does shivering affect body temperature.
Answer: Increases body temperature
◉ Class III hemorrhage indicates what % of blood loss.
Answer: 35%
,◉ Management of a stable patient with kidney contusion.
Answer: Observation
◉ Associated with hypovolemic shock.
Answer: -Inadequate tissue perfusion with resultant tissue hypoxia
-Blood shunting to vital organs
-Decreased circulating blood volume and decreased venous return
-Low cardiac output
-Loss of less than 20% of the blood volume is usually without
symptom except for mild tachycardia
-Patients become orthostatic with losses between 20 and 40%
-Shock is evidenced by tachycardia, hypotension, oliguria, flat neck
veins
◉ The most effective method of monitoring the success of
resuscitation during CPR?.
Answer: Reactivity of pupils to light
◉ Used to ensure correct placement of endotracheal tube.
Answer: -Ultrasound
-Bilateral breath sounds
, -Sustained end-tidal CO2
◉ Total body surface area involved in a burn in an adult to the
anterior chest and abdomen.
Answer: 18%
◉ What is often caused by carotid massage?.
Answer: Bradycardia
◉ Step in a patient diagnosed with tension pneumothorax.
Answer: 1. Needle decompression/ thoracotomy
2. Chest tube
◉ True statements regarding diaphragmatic injuries.
Answer: -Blunt diaphragmatic injuries are usually associated with
skeletal trauma
-Penetrating diaphragmatic injuries may be missed
-Repair of traumatic diaphragmatic injuries usually does not require
prosthetic material
◉ First priority in the treatment of an unconscious patient.
Answer: Checking the pulse
