ATLS PRACTICE 2 CONCEPT REVIEW GUIDE
2026 CRITICAL TRAUMA DECISION MAKING
AND INTERVENTIONS
◉ How do you treat hypothermia in the ED?
Answer: crystalloid fluids at 102.2 degrees F and warmed treatment
area
◉ What does definitive hemorrhage control refer to?
(3)
Answer: 1) Possible surgery
2) Stabilizing of pelvis
3) Angioembolization
◉ What are rates of fluid administration measured by?
Answer: Size and length of catheter
◉ Minimum flow rate of oxygen reservoir mask
Answer: 11 L/min
◉ MCC of shock in trauma pt
,Answer: Hypovolemia due to hemorrhage
◉ Describe the 3 for 1 rule
Answer: Replace each mL of blood loss with 3 ml of crystalloid
solution
◉ What metabolic state can result from continued hemorrhage or
decreased perfusion?
Answer: Metabolic acidosis
◉ In what survey, primary or secondary, are these identified?
1) Simple PTX
2) Pulmonary contusion
3) Traumatic aortic disruption
Answer: Secondary
Via thorough PE, CXR, pulse ox, ECG and ABG
◉ What imaging study is preferred for penetrating abdominal
trauma?
Answer: CT
◉ What can FAST rapidly diagnose?
, Answer: Abdominal hemorrhage
◉ When is a laparotomy indicated?
Answer: Fascial penetration with intraperitoneal bleeding or
peritonitis
◉ What does the Monro Kellie doctrine describe?
Answer: The relationship between IC volume and pressure
◉ Normal resting ICP
Answer: 10 mm Hg
◉ How do you reduce elevated ICP?
Answer: Mannitol in a 20% solution
◉ How do you temporarily control pelvic hemorrhage and
instability?
Answer: Internal traction and external counter-pressure
◉ How do you initially manage major arterial injury?
Answer: Direct pressure and fluid resuscitation
2026 CRITICAL TRAUMA DECISION MAKING
AND INTERVENTIONS
◉ How do you treat hypothermia in the ED?
Answer: crystalloid fluids at 102.2 degrees F and warmed treatment
area
◉ What does definitive hemorrhage control refer to?
(3)
Answer: 1) Possible surgery
2) Stabilizing of pelvis
3) Angioembolization
◉ What are rates of fluid administration measured by?
Answer: Size and length of catheter
◉ Minimum flow rate of oxygen reservoir mask
Answer: 11 L/min
◉ MCC of shock in trauma pt
,Answer: Hypovolemia due to hemorrhage
◉ Describe the 3 for 1 rule
Answer: Replace each mL of blood loss with 3 ml of crystalloid
solution
◉ What metabolic state can result from continued hemorrhage or
decreased perfusion?
Answer: Metabolic acidosis
◉ In what survey, primary or secondary, are these identified?
1) Simple PTX
2) Pulmonary contusion
3) Traumatic aortic disruption
Answer: Secondary
Via thorough PE, CXR, pulse ox, ECG and ABG
◉ What imaging study is preferred for penetrating abdominal
trauma?
Answer: CT
◉ What can FAST rapidly diagnose?
, Answer: Abdominal hemorrhage
◉ When is a laparotomy indicated?
Answer: Fascial penetration with intraperitoneal bleeding or
peritonitis
◉ What does the Monro Kellie doctrine describe?
Answer: The relationship between IC volume and pressure
◉ Normal resting ICP
Answer: 10 mm Hg
◉ How do you reduce elevated ICP?
Answer: Mannitol in a 20% solution
◉ How do you temporarily control pelvic hemorrhage and
instability?
Answer: Internal traction and external counter-pressure
◉ How do you initially manage major arterial injury?
Answer: Direct pressure and fluid resuscitation
