NR 226 EXAM 2: sleep, fluid and
electrolytes Question and answers
correctly solved 2025/2026
sleep - correct answer ✔an altered state of consciousness where perception of and reaction to
environment is decreased
sleep deprivation - correct answer ✔condition of not having enough sleep, can be either chronic or
acute
chronic sleep deprivation - correct answer ✔restricted state can cause fatigue, daytime sleepiness,
clumsiness and weight gain, adversely affects the brain and cognitive function
sleep pattern disturbance - correct answer ✔due to decreased physical activity, fear, anxiety, inability
to assume usual sleep position, frequent assessments or treatments, unfamiliar environment, and
discomfort resulting from current illness/injury
circadian rhythms - correct answer ✔biological clock, synchronized to light-dark cycles, and cues in
organisms environment, going to bed at the same time every night
sleep regulation - correct answer ✔regulated by a sequence of physiological states integrated by CNS
activity
stages of sleep - correct answer ✔1,2,3,4 and REM
sleep cycle - correct answer ✔once asleep a person passes through 4 to 5 sleep cycles
, stage 1: NREM - correct answer ✔lightest level of sleep, lasts a few minutes, decreased physiological
activity beginning with a gradual fall in vital signs and metabolism, person easily aroused by sensory
stimuli such as noise, in person awakes, feels as though daydreaming has occurred, reduction in a
autonomic activities,
stage 2: NREM sleep - correct answer ✔period of sound sleep, relaxation progresses, arousal still easy,
lasts 10 to 20 minutes, body functions still slowing, at this stage, you might want to leave them sleeping,
if it is possible try not to wake them up for vital sign checks or other routine testing
stage 3: NREM - correct answer ✔initial stages of deep sleep, sleeper difficult to arouse and rarely
moves, muscles completely relaxed, vital signs decline but remain regular, lasts 15 to 30 minutes,
hormonal response includes secretion of growth hormone (especially in children in stage 3 &4)
stage 4: NREM - correct answer ✔deepest stage of sleep, very difficult to arouse sleeper, if sleep loss
has occurred, sleeper will spend considerable portion of night in this stage, VS are significantly lower
than during waking hours, stage last approx. 15-30 minutes, sleepwalking and enuresis sometimes occur
REM sleep - correct answer ✔stage of vivid, full-color dreaming, first occurs approx, 90 minutes after
sleep has begun, thereafter occurs at end of each NREM cycle, typified by autonomic response of rapidly
moving eyes, fluctuating heart and respiratory rates, and increased fluctuating blood pressure, loss of
skeletal muscle tone, responsible for mental restoration, stage in which sleeper is most difficult to
arouse, duration of REM sleep increases with each cycle and averages 20 minutes
functions of sleep - correct answer ✔restores normal levels of activity, restores normal balance among
parts of the nervous system, necessary for protein synthesis (energy for body and muscle growth),
psychological well-being , dreams
purpose of sleep - correct answer ✔physiological and psychological restoration and maintenance of
biological functions
dreams - correct answer ✔occur in NREM and REM sleep and important for learning, memory and
adaptation to stress
electrolytes Question and answers
correctly solved 2025/2026
sleep - correct answer ✔an altered state of consciousness where perception of and reaction to
environment is decreased
sleep deprivation - correct answer ✔condition of not having enough sleep, can be either chronic or
acute
chronic sleep deprivation - correct answer ✔restricted state can cause fatigue, daytime sleepiness,
clumsiness and weight gain, adversely affects the brain and cognitive function
sleep pattern disturbance - correct answer ✔due to decreased physical activity, fear, anxiety, inability
to assume usual sleep position, frequent assessments or treatments, unfamiliar environment, and
discomfort resulting from current illness/injury
circadian rhythms - correct answer ✔biological clock, synchronized to light-dark cycles, and cues in
organisms environment, going to bed at the same time every night
sleep regulation - correct answer ✔regulated by a sequence of physiological states integrated by CNS
activity
stages of sleep - correct answer ✔1,2,3,4 and REM
sleep cycle - correct answer ✔once asleep a person passes through 4 to 5 sleep cycles
, stage 1: NREM - correct answer ✔lightest level of sleep, lasts a few minutes, decreased physiological
activity beginning with a gradual fall in vital signs and metabolism, person easily aroused by sensory
stimuli such as noise, in person awakes, feels as though daydreaming has occurred, reduction in a
autonomic activities,
stage 2: NREM sleep - correct answer ✔period of sound sleep, relaxation progresses, arousal still easy,
lasts 10 to 20 minutes, body functions still slowing, at this stage, you might want to leave them sleeping,
if it is possible try not to wake them up for vital sign checks or other routine testing
stage 3: NREM - correct answer ✔initial stages of deep sleep, sleeper difficult to arouse and rarely
moves, muscles completely relaxed, vital signs decline but remain regular, lasts 15 to 30 minutes,
hormonal response includes secretion of growth hormone (especially in children in stage 3 &4)
stage 4: NREM - correct answer ✔deepest stage of sleep, very difficult to arouse sleeper, if sleep loss
has occurred, sleeper will spend considerable portion of night in this stage, VS are significantly lower
than during waking hours, stage last approx. 15-30 minutes, sleepwalking and enuresis sometimes occur
REM sleep - correct answer ✔stage of vivid, full-color dreaming, first occurs approx, 90 minutes after
sleep has begun, thereafter occurs at end of each NREM cycle, typified by autonomic response of rapidly
moving eyes, fluctuating heart and respiratory rates, and increased fluctuating blood pressure, loss of
skeletal muscle tone, responsible for mental restoration, stage in which sleeper is most difficult to
arouse, duration of REM sleep increases with each cycle and averages 20 minutes
functions of sleep - correct answer ✔restores normal levels of activity, restores normal balance among
parts of the nervous system, necessary for protein synthesis (energy for body and muscle growth),
psychological well-being , dreams
purpose of sleep - correct answer ✔physiological and psychological restoration and maintenance of
biological functions
dreams - correct answer ✔occur in NREM and REM sleep and important for learning, memory and
adaptation to stress
