CLAYTONS BASIC PHARMACOLOGY FOR
NURSES TWENTIETH EDITION PRACTICE
TEST CHAPTERS ONE TO FORTY EIGHT
2026 QUESTIONS ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥the amount of time requires for 50% of the drug to be eliminated from
the body.
Answer: half-life
⩥drugs with long half-lives need to be administered
___________________, whereas drugs with short half-lives need to be
administered every __________________ to maintain therapeutic
activity.
Answer: - once a day
- 4 to 6 hours
⩥in regards to drug therapy, monitoring ________________ or
________________ function is important; whenever laboratory data
reflect impairment of either function, the nurse should notify the health
care provider.
Answer: - renal
- hepatic
,⩥when the concentration of a drug at the site of action is sufficient to
start a physiologic response.
Answer: onset of action
⩥the time at which the drug reaches the highest concentrations on the
target receptor sites, thereby inducing the maximal pharmacologic
response for the dose given.
Answer: peak action
⩥how long the drug has a pharmacologic effect.
Answer: duration of action
⩥the onset, peak, and duration of action of a drug are often illustrated by
a time-response curve which is known as a.
Answer: drug concentration-time profile
⩥the drug concentration is targeted to be in the mid-range between
minimum effective response and the toxic response, this is known as the.
Answer: therapeutic range
⩥when a drug is circulating in the blood, a blood sample may be drawn
and assayed to determine the amount of drug present, this is known as a.
Answer: drug blood level
,⩥the expected response of a drugs use.
Answer: desired action
⩥unintended drug responses which may affect multiple systems of the
body.
Answer: side effects
⩥any noxious, unintended and undesired effect of a drug which occurs
at dosages used in humans for prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy.
Answer: adverse drug reaction (ADR)
⩥mild ADRs.
Answer: common adverse effects
⩥serious, possibly toxic ADRs.
Answer: serious adverse effects
⩥an injury resulting from medical intervention related to a drug;
medication errors.
Answer: adverse drug events (ADE)
⩥the most commonly seen ADRs:.
Answer: - rash
, - nausea
- itching
- thrombocytopenia
- vomiting
- hyperglycemia
- diarrhea
⩥classes of medication which account for the largest number of ADR's.
Answer: - antibiotics
- cardiovascular medicines
- cancer chemotherapy agents
- analgesics
- antiinflammatory agents
⩥occurs when something unusual or abnormal happens when a drug is
first administered; generally a result of a patient's inability to metabolize
a drug because of genetic deficiency of certain enzymes.
Answer: idiosyncratic reaction
⩥occurs after previous exposure to a medication, when re-exposed
antibodies cause a reaction; most commonly seen as hives which cause
severe itching.
Answer: allergic/hypersensitivity reactions
NURSES TWENTIETH EDITION PRACTICE
TEST CHAPTERS ONE TO FORTY EIGHT
2026 QUESTIONS ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥the amount of time requires for 50% of the drug to be eliminated from
the body.
Answer: half-life
⩥drugs with long half-lives need to be administered
___________________, whereas drugs with short half-lives need to be
administered every __________________ to maintain therapeutic
activity.
Answer: - once a day
- 4 to 6 hours
⩥in regards to drug therapy, monitoring ________________ or
________________ function is important; whenever laboratory data
reflect impairment of either function, the nurse should notify the health
care provider.
Answer: - renal
- hepatic
,⩥when the concentration of a drug at the site of action is sufficient to
start a physiologic response.
Answer: onset of action
⩥the time at which the drug reaches the highest concentrations on the
target receptor sites, thereby inducing the maximal pharmacologic
response for the dose given.
Answer: peak action
⩥how long the drug has a pharmacologic effect.
Answer: duration of action
⩥the onset, peak, and duration of action of a drug are often illustrated by
a time-response curve which is known as a.
Answer: drug concentration-time profile
⩥the drug concentration is targeted to be in the mid-range between
minimum effective response and the toxic response, this is known as the.
Answer: therapeutic range
⩥when a drug is circulating in the blood, a blood sample may be drawn
and assayed to determine the amount of drug present, this is known as a.
Answer: drug blood level
,⩥the expected response of a drugs use.
Answer: desired action
⩥unintended drug responses which may affect multiple systems of the
body.
Answer: side effects
⩥any noxious, unintended and undesired effect of a drug which occurs
at dosages used in humans for prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy.
Answer: adverse drug reaction (ADR)
⩥mild ADRs.
Answer: common adverse effects
⩥serious, possibly toxic ADRs.
Answer: serious adverse effects
⩥an injury resulting from medical intervention related to a drug;
medication errors.
Answer: adverse drug events (ADE)
⩥the most commonly seen ADRs:.
Answer: - rash
, - nausea
- itching
- thrombocytopenia
- vomiting
- hyperglycemia
- diarrhea
⩥classes of medication which account for the largest number of ADR's.
Answer: - antibiotics
- cardiovascular medicines
- cancer chemotherapy agents
- analgesics
- antiinflammatory agents
⩥occurs when something unusual or abnormal happens when a drug is
first administered; generally a result of a patient's inability to metabolize
a drug because of genetic deficiency of certain enzymes.
Answer: idiosyncratic reaction
⩥occurs after previous exposure to a medication, when re-exposed
antibodies cause a reaction; most commonly seen as hives which cause
severe itching.
Answer: allergic/hypersensitivity reactions
