Nr - 226 Nurse Fundamentals Exam 2 :
Elderly, Sleep, Electrolyes Question
and answers already passed
2025/2026
What is contributing to the increase in the older adult population? - correct answer ✔increase in
average life span, the baby boomers,the growth of the population segment older than 85 years.
True or false, most older adults are inactive and can not care for themselves. - correct answer ✔false:
Most older adults are active and involved members of their communities. A smaller number have lost
the ability to care for themselves, are confused or withdrawn, and/or are unable to make decisions
concerning their needs. Most older adults live in noninstitutional settings. However, a smaller number
have lost the ability to care for themselves.
True or false: Aging is directly correlated to disability and dependence of older adults. - correct answer
✔Most older adults are active and involved members of their communities. A smaller number have lost
the ability to care for themselves, are confused or withdrawn, and/or are unable to make decisions
concerning their needs. Most older adults live in noninstitutional settings. However, a smaller number
have lost the ability to care for themselves.
What do you encourage the older population during your plan of care? - correct answer ✔Do not
assume that all older adults have signs, symptoms, or behaviors representing disease and decline or that
these are the only factors you need to assess. You also need to identify an older adult's strengths and
abilities during the assessment and encourage independence as an integral part of your plan of care
What is ageism? - correct answer ✔discrimination against people because of increasing age.
what are some myths about older people? - correct answer ✔they are disabled, unattractive, forgetful,
confused, rigid, boring, unfriendly, poor, unable to learn and understand new information, not
interested in sex, etc
,What are some developmental tasks for older adults? - correct answer ✔Change and loss of : Health,
significant others, a sense of being useful, socialization, income, and independent living
Coping with: Retirement, Residence change, Death
Having: Adult children
You are doing an assessment of an elderly patient and he is having trouble understanding you. Would
you conclude he is confused? - correct answer ✔If an older adult is unable to understand your visual or
auditory cues, your assessment data will likely be inaccurate or misleading, leading you to incorrectly
conclude that the older adult is confused.
How would you speak with a person with hearing impairment? - correct answer ✔When a person has a
hearing impairment, speak directly to the patient in clear, low-pitched tones and move to a quiet area to
reduce background noise.
how would you care for a patient with vision impairment? - correct answer ✔When caring for people
with visual impairments, sit or stand at eye level and face them. Always encourage the use of assistive
devices such as glasses and hearing aids.
Your patient is having trouble remembering things during his history. What can you do to complete a
through assessment? - correct answer ✔Memory deficits, if present, affect the accuracy and
completeness of your assessment; may need to enlist help of family member or caregiver. The
additional person supplements information with the consent of the older adult, but the older adult
remains the primary source of the interview.
What should you look for in the elderly as early indicators of acute illness? - correct answer ✔Note
changes in mental status, occurrence and reason for falls, dehydration, decrease in appetite, loss of
function, dizziness, and incontinence because these symptoms are not frequently present in younger
adults.
,What are some physiological changes of skin in older adults? - correct answer ✔With aging the skin
loses resilience and moisture. The epithelial layer thins, and elastic collagen fibers shrink and become
rigid. Wrinkles of the face and neck reflect lifelong patterns of muscle activity and facial expressions, the
pull of gravity on tissue, and diminished elasticity. Spots and lesions are often present on the skin.
What are some changes in elderly vision? - correct answer ✔Visual acuity declines with age. This is
often the result of retinal damage, reduced pupil size, development of opacities in the lens, or loss of
lens elasticity.
Presbyopia, is common.
Glare effects increase.
Pupils are smaller and react slower.
Difficulty with going from bright to dark environments.
Changes in color vision makes it difficult to distinguish between blue and green.
Diseases include cataract, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal detachment.
What are some changes in elderly hearing? - correct answer ✔Auditory changes are often subtle.
Common change is presbycusis, which affects the ability to hear high-pitched sounds and conversational
speech and is typically bilateral, affecting more men than women. Inspect the external auditory canal for
the presence of cerumen.
What are some changes in elderly tasting? - correct answer ✔Salivary secretion is reduced, and taste
buds atrophy and lose sensitivity. Health conditions, treatments, and/or medications often alter taste. It
is often a challenge to promote optimal nutrition in an older patient because of the loss of smell and
changes in taste.
What are some changes in elderly thorax and lungs? - correct answer ✔Because of changes in the
musculoskeletal system, the configuration of the thorax sometimes changes. Vertebral changes caused
by osteoporosis lead to dorsal kyphosis, the curvature of the thoracic spine. Calcification of the costal
, cartilage causes decreased mobility of the ribs. The chest wall gradually becomes stiffer. Lung expansion
decreases, and the person is less able to cough deeply. If kyphosis or chronic obstructive lung disease is
present, breath sounds become distant. Older adult is more susceptible to pneumonia and other
bacterial or viral infections.
Respiratory muscle strength decreases
anteroposterior diameter of thorax increases
What are some changes in elderly heart and vascular system? - correct answer ✔The body tries to
compensate for decreased cardiac output by increasing the heart rate during exercise; takes longer for
an older adult's rate to return to baseline. Systolic and/or diastolic blood pressures are sometimes
abnormally high. Although a common chronic condition, hypertension is not a normal aging change and
predisposes older adults to heart failure, stroke, renal failure, coronary heart disease, and peripheral
vascular disease.
decreased contractile strength of the myocardium which leads to decrease in cardiac output.
Peripheral pulses frequently are still palpable but weaker in lower extremities.
What are some physiological changes in elderly breast? - correct answer ✔As estrogen production
diminishes, the milk ducts of the breasts are replaced by fat, making breast tissue less firm. Decreased
muscle mass, tone, and elasticity result in smaller breasts in older women. In addition, the breasts sag.
Gynecomastia, enlarged breasts in men, is often the result of medication side effects, hormonal
changes, or obesity. Both older men and women are at risk of breast cancer.
What are some physiological changes in elderly GI and abdomen? - correct answer ✔Abdomen
increases in size due to an increase in the amount of fatty tissue in the trunk. Because muscle tone and
elasticity decrease, it also becomes more protuberant. Gastrointestinal function changes include a
slowing of peristalsis and alterations in secretions. Alterations in the lower gastrointestinal tract lead to
constipation, flatulence, or diarrhea.
Elderly, Sleep, Electrolyes Question
and answers already passed
2025/2026
What is contributing to the increase in the older adult population? - correct answer ✔increase in
average life span, the baby boomers,the growth of the population segment older than 85 years.
True or false, most older adults are inactive and can not care for themselves. - correct answer ✔false:
Most older adults are active and involved members of their communities. A smaller number have lost
the ability to care for themselves, are confused or withdrawn, and/or are unable to make decisions
concerning their needs. Most older adults live in noninstitutional settings. However, a smaller number
have lost the ability to care for themselves.
True or false: Aging is directly correlated to disability and dependence of older adults. - correct answer
✔Most older adults are active and involved members of their communities. A smaller number have lost
the ability to care for themselves, are confused or withdrawn, and/or are unable to make decisions
concerning their needs. Most older adults live in noninstitutional settings. However, a smaller number
have lost the ability to care for themselves.
What do you encourage the older population during your plan of care? - correct answer ✔Do not
assume that all older adults have signs, symptoms, or behaviors representing disease and decline or that
these are the only factors you need to assess. You also need to identify an older adult's strengths and
abilities during the assessment and encourage independence as an integral part of your plan of care
What is ageism? - correct answer ✔discrimination against people because of increasing age.
what are some myths about older people? - correct answer ✔they are disabled, unattractive, forgetful,
confused, rigid, boring, unfriendly, poor, unable to learn and understand new information, not
interested in sex, etc
,What are some developmental tasks for older adults? - correct answer ✔Change and loss of : Health,
significant others, a sense of being useful, socialization, income, and independent living
Coping with: Retirement, Residence change, Death
Having: Adult children
You are doing an assessment of an elderly patient and he is having trouble understanding you. Would
you conclude he is confused? - correct answer ✔If an older adult is unable to understand your visual or
auditory cues, your assessment data will likely be inaccurate or misleading, leading you to incorrectly
conclude that the older adult is confused.
How would you speak with a person with hearing impairment? - correct answer ✔When a person has a
hearing impairment, speak directly to the patient in clear, low-pitched tones and move to a quiet area to
reduce background noise.
how would you care for a patient with vision impairment? - correct answer ✔When caring for people
with visual impairments, sit or stand at eye level and face them. Always encourage the use of assistive
devices such as glasses and hearing aids.
Your patient is having trouble remembering things during his history. What can you do to complete a
through assessment? - correct answer ✔Memory deficits, if present, affect the accuracy and
completeness of your assessment; may need to enlist help of family member or caregiver. The
additional person supplements information with the consent of the older adult, but the older adult
remains the primary source of the interview.
What should you look for in the elderly as early indicators of acute illness? - correct answer ✔Note
changes in mental status, occurrence and reason for falls, dehydration, decrease in appetite, loss of
function, dizziness, and incontinence because these symptoms are not frequently present in younger
adults.
,What are some physiological changes of skin in older adults? - correct answer ✔With aging the skin
loses resilience and moisture. The epithelial layer thins, and elastic collagen fibers shrink and become
rigid. Wrinkles of the face and neck reflect lifelong patterns of muscle activity and facial expressions, the
pull of gravity on tissue, and diminished elasticity. Spots and lesions are often present on the skin.
What are some changes in elderly vision? - correct answer ✔Visual acuity declines with age. This is
often the result of retinal damage, reduced pupil size, development of opacities in the lens, or loss of
lens elasticity.
Presbyopia, is common.
Glare effects increase.
Pupils are smaller and react slower.
Difficulty with going from bright to dark environments.
Changes in color vision makes it difficult to distinguish between blue and green.
Diseases include cataract, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal detachment.
What are some changes in elderly hearing? - correct answer ✔Auditory changes are often subtle.
Common change is presbycusis, which affects the ability to hear high-pitched sounds and conversational
speech and is typically bilateral, affecting more men than women. Inspect the external auditory canal for
the presence of cerumen.
What are some changes in elderly tasting? - correct answer ✔Salivary secretion is reduced, and taste
buds atrophy and lose sensitivity. Health conditions, treatments, and/or medications often alter taste. It
is often a challenge to promote optimal nutrition in an older patient because of the loss of smell and
changes in taste.
What are some changes in elderly thorax and lungs? - correct answer ✔Because of changes in the
musculoskeletal system, the configuration of the thorax sometimes changes. Vertebral changes caused
by osteoporosis lead to dorsal kyphosis, the curvature of the thoracic spine. Calcification of the costal
, cartilage causes decreased mobility of the ribs. The chest wall gradually becomes stiffer. Lung expansion
decreases, and the person is less able to cough deeply. If kyphosis or chronic obstructive lung disease is
present, breath sounds become distant. Older adult is more susceptible to pneumonia and other
bacterial or viral infections.
Respiratory muscle strength decreases
anteroposterior diameter of thorax increases
What are some changes in elderly heart and vascular system? - correct answer ✔The body tries to
compensate for decreased cardiac output by increasing the heart rate during exercise; takes longer for
an older adult's rate to return to baseline. Systolic and/or diastolic blood pressures are sometimes
abnormally high. Although a common chronic condition, hypertension is not a normal aging change and
predisposes older adults to heart failure, stroke, renal failure, coronary heart disease, and peripheral
vascular disease.
decreased contractile strength of the myocardium which leads to decrease in cardiac output.
Peripheral pulses frequently are still palpable but weaker in lower extremities.
What are some physiological changes in elderly breast? - correct answer ✔As estrogen production
diminishes, the milk ducts of the breasts are replaced by fat, making breast tissue less firm. Decreased
muscle mass, tone, and elasticity result in smaller breasts in older women. In addition, the breasts sag.
Gynecomastia, enlarged breasts in men, is often the result of medication side effects, hormonal
changes, or obesity. Both older men and women are at risk of breast cancer.
What are some physiological changes in elderly GI and abdomen? - correct answer ✔Abdomen
increases in size due to an increase in the amount of fatty tissue in the trunk. Because muscle tone and
elasticity decrease, it also becomes more protuberant. Gastrointestinal function changes include a
slowing of peristalsis and alterations in secretions. Alterations in the lower gastrointestinal tract lead to
constipation, flatulence, or diarrhea.
