NUR 342 Midterm Exam Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions 2025
process to discover new knowledge or evidence - ✔✔Research
systematic inquiry to develop trustworthy evidence about issues that are important to
nursing - ✔✔Nursing Research
designed to guide nursing practice - ✔✔Clinical Nursing Research
1. pioneered by Florence Nightingale in the 1850s
2. first journal published in 1950s
3. National Center for Nursing Research est. 1986
4. NINR est. 1993 - ✔✔History of Nursing Research
contribute ideas, collect information, offer advice, search for evidence, discuss articles
and implications - ✔✔Roles of Nurses in Research
1. promoting health and preventing disease
2. symptom and self management
3. end of life care
4. innovation
5. development of nurse scientists - ✔✔NINR 5 Areas of Focus
integration of clinical expertise, patient values and the best research evidence to make
the best clinical decisions about patient care - ✔✔Evidence Based Practice
1. assess problem
2. ask question
3. acquire relevant evidence
4. appraise evidence
5. integrate evidence
6. evaluate outcomes
7. disseminate findings - ✔✔Steps of EBP Research
has been selected from primary studies and evaluated for use - ✔✔Pre-Appraised
Evidence
integrate evidence about a topic in a systematic and rigorous way (meta-analysis or
meta-synthesis) - ✔✔Systematic Reviews
integrates quantitative findings statistically - ✔✔Meta-Analysis
interprets information - ✔✔Meta-Synthesis
, tradition, authority, trial and error, data, and research (the best method) - ✔✔Sources of
Evidence
using findings from studies in a practical way to reduce the gap between research and
practice - ✔✔Research Utilization
Expert Opinion (bottom) --> single qualitative study --> single cross-sectional study -->
single case study --> single cohort study --> single non-RCT --> single RCT -->
systematic review (top) - ✔✔Evidence Hierarchy/Pyramid
findings that are appropriate, rigorous, relevant, safe, cost-effective, reliable, etc. -
✔✔Best Evidence
reality exists, the real world is driven by natural causes, the researcher is independent
from those being researched, usually quantitative research based on experiment and
observation - ✔✔Positivist Paradigm
reality is subjective, researcher interacts with those being researched, values are
desirable, usually qualitative research, people construct their own knowledge through
experience - ✔✔Constructivist Paradigm
population or patient (ex. males with type 2 diabetes) - ✔✔P (in PICOT)
intervention (ex. weight loss surgery) - ✔✔I (in PICOT)
comparison (ex. lifestyle changes) - ✔✔C (in PICOT)
outcome (ex. remission of diabetes) - ✔✔O (in PICOT)
timeframe (ex. over 3 years) - ✔✔T (in PICOT)
introduction/background, methods, results, discussion and conclusion - ✔✔Sections of
a Research Article
statement articulating the research problem and makes and argument to conduct a new
study (what is wrong with the current situation, what is the nature of the problem, how
big is the problem, what are the consequences, what information is lacking, how will the
study contribute, etc.) (found in the introduction of article) - ✔✔Problem Statement
summary of the overall goal (found in the introduction of article) - ✔✔Statement of
Purpose
process to discover new knowledge or evidence - ✔✔Research
systematic inquiry to develop trustworthy evidence about issues that are important to
nursing - ✔✔Nursing Research
designed to guide nursing practice - ✔✔Clinical Nursing Research
1. pioneered by Florence Nightingale in the 1850s
2. first journal published in 1950s
3. National Center for Nursing Research est. 1986
4. NINR est. 1993 - ✔✔History of Nursing Research
contribute ideas, collect information, offer advice, search for evidence, discuss articles
and implications - ✔✔Roles of Nurses in Research
1. promoting health and preventing disease
2. symptom and self management
3. end of life care
4. innovation
5. development of nurse scientists - ✔✔NINR 5 Areas of Focus
integration of clinical expertise, patient values and the best research evidence to make
the best clinical decisions about patient care - ✔✔Evidence Based Practice
1. assess problem
2. ask question
3. acquire relevant evidence
4. appraise evidence
5. integrate evidence
6. evaluate outcomes
7. disseminate findings - ✔✔Steps of EBP Research
has been selected from primary studies and evaluated for use - ✔✔Pre-Appraised
Evidence
integrate evidence about a topic in a systematic and rigorous way (meta-analysis or
meta-synthesis) - ✔✔Systematic Reviews
integrates quantitative findings statistically - ✔✔Meta-Analysis
interprets information - ✔✔Meta-Synthesis
, tradition, authority, trial and error, data, and research (the best method) - ✔✔Sources of
Evidence
using findings from studies in a practical way to reduce the gap between research and
practice - ✔✔Research Utilization
Expert Opinion (bottom) --> single qualitative study --> single cross-sectional study -->
single case study --> single cohort study --> single non-RCT --> single RCT -->
systematic review (top) - ✔✔Evidence Hierarchy/Pyramid
findings that are appropriate, rigorous, relevant, safe, cost-effective, reliable, etc. -
✔✔Best Evidence
reality exists, the real world is driven by natural causes, the researcher is independent
from those being researched, usually quantitative research based on experiment and
observation - ✔✔Positivist Paradigm
reality is subjective, researcher interacts with those being researched, values are
desirable, usually qualitative research, people construct their own knowledge through
experience - ✔✔Constructivist Paradigm
population or patient (ex. males with type 2 diabetes) - ✔✔P (in PICOT)
intervention (ex. weight loss surgery) - ✔✔I (in PICOT)
comparison (ex. lifestyle changes) - ✔✔C (in PICOT)
outcome (ex. remission of diabetes) - ✔✔O (in PICOT)
timeframe (ex. over 3 years) - ✔✔T (in PICOT)
introduction/background, methods, results, discussion and conclusion - ✔✔Sections of
a Research Article
statement articulating the research problem and makes and argument to conduct a new
study (what is wrong with the current situation, what is the nature of the problem, how
big is the problem, what are the consequences, what information is lacking, how will the
study contribute, etc.) (found in the introduction of article) - ✔✔Problem Statement
summary of the overall goal (found in the introduction of article) - ✔✔Statement of
Purpose
