BASIC AND APPLIED CONCEPTS OF BLOOD
BANKING AND TRANSFUSION PRACTICES
LEARNING WORKBOOK 2026 BLOOD GROUPS
AND TRANSFUSION PROCEDURES
◉ alleles. Answer: What term describes alternate forms of a gene at
given genetic loci?
◉ homozygous. Answer: What term describes the inheritance of two
of the same alleles from each parent?
◉ Linkage disequilibrium. Answer: What term is defined as the
phenomenon of antigens occurring at a different frequency in the
population, depending on whether they were inherited by linked or
unlinked genes?
◉ Dosage effect. Answer: What term is used when red cells with the
genotype MM react stronger with anti-M than red cells with
genotype MN?
◉ Recessive. Answer: What type of genetic inheritance trait is
expressed by the group O phenotype?
,◉ Weaker. Answer: When Ce is inherited in trans to D gene, what
happens to the D antigen expression on the red cell?
◉ AA or AO. Answer: When an individual phenotypes as group A,
which of the following genotypes may apply?
◉ On the same chromosome. Answer: Where is a gene inherited in a
cis position to another gene located?
◉ codominant. Answer: Which of the following describes the
expression of most blood group inheritance?
◉ The genetic system is polymorphic. Answer: Which of the
following items is a useful genetic marker for relationship testing?
◉ blood group system. Answer: Which term defines a group of
antigens on the red cell membrane that share related serologic
properties and genetic patterns of inheritance?
◉ Jk(a+b-). Answer: With which of the following red cell phenotypes
would anti-Jka react most strongly?
,◉ 25%. Answer: A dominant allele is designated G and its recessive
counterpart g. What percentage of offspring from two heterozygous
individuals would be expected to express the recessive trait?
◉ 0.54. Answer: A gene has a frequency of 0.46 in the general
population. What is the frequency of its alternate allele?
◉ 10
Step 1: Determine frequency of antigen negative units (p+q=1) so 1-
frequency of positive = frequency of negative
Step 2: Multiply combined antigen-negative frequencies
Step 3: Divide units needed by frequency calculated above.. Answer:
How many units would need to be screened to find 2 compatible
units for a patient with anti-C, anti-E, and anti-K in their serum? The
percentage of each antigen occurring in the general population is as
follows:
C = 68% positive
E = 29% positive
K = 9% positive
◉ All tall. Answer: If tall T is dominant to dwarf t and two
homozygous individuals TT and tt are crossed, what would be the
phenotype of the resultant offspring?
, ◉ 21%
Step 1: Determine frequency of antigen negative units (1-frequency
of positive = frequency of negative) because p+q=1
Step 2: Multiply the combined antigen-negative frequencies
(Multiply by 100 to convert to %). Answer: Results of an antibody
identification panel reveals that a patient has anti-C, anti-E, and anti-
K in their serum. The percentage of each antigen occurring in the
general population is as follows:
C = 68% positive
E = 29% positive
K = 9% positive
What percentage of the random population would be negative for all
three antigens?
◉ O. Answer: The children of an AB mother and a B father could be
all the phenotypes except
◉ Xg a- sons and Xg a+ daughters. Answer: The mating of an Xg a+
man and an Xg a- woman will only produce:
◉ HH, Sese. Answer: A patient is expressing soluble forms of H
antigens in his secretions. Predict this person's genotype.
BANKING AND TRANSFUSION PRACTICES
LEARNING WORKBOOK 2026 BLOOD GROUPS
AND TRANSFUSION PROCEDURES
◉ alleles. Answer: What term describes alternate forms of a gene at
given genetic loci?
◉ homozygous. Answer: What term describes the inheritance of two
of the same alleles from each parent?
◉ Linkage disequilibrium. Answer: What term is defined as the
phenomenon of antigens occurring at a different frequency in the
population, depending on whether they were inherited by linked or
unlinked genes?
◉ Dosage effect. Answer: What term is used when red cells with the
genotype MM react stronger with anti-M than red cells with
genotype MN?
◉ Recessive. Answer: What type of genetic inheritance trait is
expressed by the group O phenotype?
,◉ Weaker. Answer: When Ce is inherited in trans to D gene, what
happens to the D antigen expression on the red cell?
◉ AA or AO. Answer: When an individual phenotypes as group A,
which of the following genotypes may apply?
◉ On the same chromosome. Answer: Where is a gene inherited in a
cis position to another gene located?
◉ codominant. Answer: Which of the following describes the
expression of most blood group inheritance?
◉ The genetic system is polymorphic. Answer: Which of the
following items is a useful genetic marker for relationship testing?
◉ blood group system. Answer: Which term defines a group of
antigens on the red cell membrane that share related serologic
properties and genetic patterns of inheritance?
◉ Jk(a+b-). Answer: With which of the following red cell phenotypes
would anti-Jka react most strongly?
,◉ 25%. Answer: A dominant allele is designated G and its recessive
counterpart g. What percentage of offspring from two heterozygous
individuals would be expected to express the recessive trait?
◉ 0.54. Answer: A gene has a frequency of 0.46 in the general
population. What is the frequency of its alternate allele?
◉ 10
Step 1: Determine frequency of antigen negative units (p+q=1) so 1-
frequency of positive = frequency of negative
Step 2: Multiply combined antigen-negative frequencies
Step 3: Divide units needed by frequency calculated above.. Answer:
How many units would need to be screened to find 2 compatible
units for a patient with anti-C, anti-E, and anti-K in their serum? The
percentage of each antigen occurring in the general population is as
follows:
C = 68% positive
E = 29% positive
K = 9% positive
◉ All tall. Answer: If tall T is dominant to dwarf t and two
homozygous individuals TT and tt are crossed, what would be the
phenotype of the resultant offspring?
, ◉ 21%
Step 1: Determine frequency of antigen negative units (1-frequency
of positive = frequency of negative) because p+q=1
Step 2: Multiply the combined antigen-negative frequencies
(Multiply by 100 to convert to %). Answer: Results of an antibody
identification panel reveals that a patient has anti-C, anti-E, and anti-
K in their serum. The percentage of each antigen occurring in the
general population is as follows:
C = 68% positive
E = 29% positive
K = 9% positive
What percentage of the random population would be negative for all
three antigens?
◉ O. Answer: The children of an AB mother and a B father could be
all the phenotypes except
◉ Xg a- sons and Xg a+ daughters. Answer: The mating of an Xg a+
man and an Xg a- woman will only produce:
◉ HH, Sese. Answer: A patient is expressing soluble forms of H
antigens in his secretions. Predict this person's genotype.
