IECP Exam – Comprehensive Study Guide and Exam Preparation
Material
Intervention Fidelity - ✔✔Whether the treatment as planned was actually delivered and
received
Types of Control Group - ✔✔No treatment/intervention, use of standard care, use of a
different type of intervention (auditory vs. visual stimulation), placebo, loser dose/intensity
intervention, delayed treatment
Blinding - ✔✔The process of preventing those involved in a study from having information that
could lead to a bias,
e.g., knowledge of which treatment group a participant is in
also called masking
The Hawthorne Effect - ✔✔knowledge of being in a study my cause people to change their
behavior
Factors in Research Control - ✔✔Control over environment/setting/time
Intervention fidelity
Randomization
Homogeneity
Matching
Statistical control
Statistical Conclusion Validity - ✔✔the ability to detect true relationships statistically
Internal Validity - ✔✔extent to which it can be inferred that the IV caused the DV
,External Validity - ✔✔the generalizability of the observed relationships across samples,
settings, or time
Selection Bias - ✔✔Pre-existing differences between the groups being compared
History threat - ✔✔Other events co-occurring with causal factor that could also affect
outcomes
Maturation Threat - ✔✔Processes that result simply from the passage fo time
Mortality/attrition Threat - ✔✔Differential loss of participants from different groups
Threats to internal validity - ✔✔Selection bias, History Threat, Maturation Threat,
Mortality/attrition threat
Threats to External Validity - ✔✔Inadequate sampling
Enhancing internal validity can negatively effect external validity
Population - ✔✔The aggregate of cases in which a researcher is interested
Accessible Population - ✔✔Portion of the target population to which the researcher has
reasonable access
Sample - ✔✔Subset of population elements
Power Analysis - ✔✔Can and should estimate sample size needs
, Estimates how large the sample must be in order to detect an expected difference or effect of
an intervention
Statistical Method
Goal of Sampling - ✔✔Representation of the entire population
Strata - ✔✔Subpopulations of a population based on specific characteristics (ex.
male/female/transgender/non-binary)
Descriptive correlational Research - ✔✔researcher seeks to describe a relationship without
inferring a causal relationship (Are HIV/AIDs and fatigue related?)
Sampling Bias - ✔✔Systematic over or underrepresentation of segments of the population on
key variables when the sample is not representative
Nominal Measurements - ✔✔Attributes are only named
Categories that have no value
Weakest
Ex. ethnicity, borough in NYC, blood type, gender
Ordinal Measurements - ✔✔Attributes can be ordered
Categories are ranked higher or lower/better or worse
Assigned numbers preserve the order
Ex. Likert Scale
Interval Measurements - ✔✔Distance is equal and meaningful
Zero is arbitrary
Material
Intervention Fidelity - ✔✔Whether the treatment as planned was actually delivered and
received
Types of Control Group - ✔✔No treatment/intervention, use of standard care, use of a
different type of intervention (auditory vs. visual stimulation), placebo, loser dose/intensity
intervention, delayed treatment
Blinding - ✔✔The process of preventing those involved in a study from having information that
could lead to a bias,
e.g., knowledge of which treatment group a participant is in
also called masking
The Hawthorne Effect - ✔✔knowledge of being in a study my cause people to change their
behavior
Factors in Research Control - ✔✔Control over environment/setting/time
Intervention fidelity
Randomization
Homogeneity
Matching
Statistical control
Statistical Conclusion Validity - ✔✔the ability to detect true relationships statistically
Internal Validity - ✔✔extent to which it can be inferred that the IV caused the DV
,External Validity - ✔✔the generalizability of the observed relationships across samples,
settings, or time
Selection Bias - ✔✔Pre-existing differences between the groups being compared
History threat - ✔✔Other events co-occurring with causal factor that could also affect
outcomes
Maturation Threat - ✔✔Processes that result simply from the passage fo time
Mortality/attrition Threat - ✔✔Differential loss of participants from different groups
Threats to internal validity - ✔✔Selection bias, History Threat, Maturation Threat,
Mortality/attrition threat
Threats to External Validity - ✔✔Inadequate sampling
Enhancing internal validity can negatively effect external validity
Population - ✔✔The aggregate of cases in which a researcher is interested
Accessible Population - ✔✔Portion of the target population to which the researcher has
reasonable access
Sample - ✔✔Subset of population elements
Power Analysis - ✔✔Can and should estimate sample size needs
, Estimates how large the sample must be in order to detect an expected difference or effect of
an intervention
Statistical Method
Goal of Sampling - ✔✔Representation of the entire population
Strata - ✔✔Subpopulations of a population based on specific characteristics (ex.
male/female/transgender/non-binary)
Descriptive correlational Research - ✔✔researcher seeks to describe a relationship without
inferring a causal relationship (Are HIV/AIDs and fatigue related?)
Sampling Bias - ✔✔Systematic over or underrepresentation of segments of the population on
key variables when the sample is not representative
Nominal Measurements - ✔✔Attributes are only named
Categories that have no value
Weakest
Ex. ethnicity, borough in NYC, blood type, gender
Ordinal Measurements - ✔✔Attributes can be ordered
Categories are ranked higher or lower/better or worse
Assigned numbers preserve the order
Ex. Likert Scale
Interval Measurements - ✔✔Distance is equal and meaningful
Zero is arbitrary
