system software - ANSWER The set of programs that enables a computer's
hardware devices and application software to work together; it includes the
operating system and utility programs.
operating system - ANSWER (computer science) software that controls the
execution of computer programs and may provide various services
Assembly Language - ANSWER A programming language that has the same
structure and set of commands as machine languages but allows programmers to
use symbolic representations of numeric machine code.
IBM 360/91 - ANSWER Introduced many new concepts, including dynamic
detection of memory hazards, generalized forwarding, and reservation stations.
Tomasulo's algorithm
,machine language - ANSWER The language made up of binary-coded
instructions that is used directly by the computer
Instruction format - ANSWER A form of representation of an instruction
composed of fields of binary numbers.
Machine language - ANSWER Binary representation used for communication
within a computer system.
Hexadecimal - ANSWER Numbers in base 16
Opcode - ANSWER The field that denotes the operation and format of an
instruction.
AND - ANSWER A logical bit- by-bit operation with two operands that
calculates a 1 only if there is a 1 in both operands.
OR - ANSWER A logical bit-by-bit operation with two operands that calculates
a 1 if there is a 1 in either operand.
NOT - ANSWER A logical bit-by-bit operation with one operand that inverts
the bits; that is, it replaces every 1 with a 0, and every 0 with a 1.
, EOR - ANSWER A logical bit-by-bit operation with two operands that
calculates the exclusive OR of the two operands. That is, it calculates a 1 only if
the values are different in the two operands.
Conditional branch - ANSWER An instruction that tests a value and that allows
for a subsequent transfer of control to a new address in the program based on the
outcome of the test.
Basic block - ANSWER A sequence of instructions without branches (except
possibly at the end) and without branch targets or branch labels (except possibly at
the beginning).
Branch address table - ANSWER Also called branch table. A table of addresses
of alternative instruction sequences.
Procedure - ANSWER A stored subroutine that performs a specific task based
on the parameters with which it is provided.
Branch-and-link instruction - ANSWER An instruction that branches to an
address and simultaneously saves the address of the following instruction in a
register (LR or X30 in LEGv8).
Return address - ANSWER A link to the calling site that allows a procedure to
return to the proper address; in LEGv8, it is stored in register LR (X30).
Caller - ANSWER The program that instigates a procedure and provides the
necessary parameter values.
, Callee - ANSWER A procedure that executes a series of stored instructions
based on parameters provided by the caller and then returns control to the caller.
Program counter (PC) - ANSWER The register containing the address of the
instruction in the program being executed.
Stack - ANSWER A data structure for spilling registers organized as a last-in-
first-out queue.
Stack pointer - ANSWER A value denoting the most recently allocated address
in a stack that shows where registers should be spilled or where old register values
can be found. In LEGv8, it is register SP.
Push - ANSWER Add element to stack
Pop - ANSWER Remove element from stack.
Global pointer - ANSWER The register that is reserved to point to the static
area
Procedure frame - ANSWER Also called activation record. The segment of the
stack containing a procedure's saved registers and local variables
Frame pointer - ANSWER A value denoting the location of the saved registers
and local variables for a given procedure.
hardware devices and application software to work together; it includes the
operating system and utility programs.
operating system - ANSWER (computer science) software that controls the
execution of computer programs and may provide various services
Assembly Language - ANSWER A programming language that has the same
structure and set of commands as machine languages but allows programmers to
use symbolic representations of numeric machine code.
IBM 360/91 - ANSWER Introduced many new concepts, including dynamic
detection of memory hazards, generalized forwarding, and reservation stations.
Tomasulo's algorithm
,machine language - ANSWER The language made up of binary-coded
instructions that is used directly by the computer
Instruction format - ANSWER A form of representation of an instruction
composed of fields of binary numbers.
Machine language - ANSWER Binary representation used for communication
within a computer system.
Hexadecimal - ANSWER Numbers in base 16
Opcode - ANSWER The field that denotes the operation and format of an
instruction.
AND - ANSWER A logical bit- by-bit operation with two operands that
calculates a 1 only if there is a 1 in both operands.
OR - ANSWER A logical bit-by-bit operation with two operands that calculates
a 1 if there is a 1 in either operand.
NOT - ANSWER A logical bit-by-bit operation with one operand that inverts
the bits; that is, it replaces every 1 with a 0, and every 0 with a 1.
, EOR - ANSWER A logical bit-by-bit operation with two operands that
calculates the exclusive OR of the two operands. That is, it calculates a 1 only if
the values are different in the two operands.
Conditional branch - ANSWER An instruction that tests a value and that allows
for a subsequent transfer of control to a new address in the program based on the
outcome of the test.
Basic block - ANSWER A sequence of instructions without branches (except
possibly at the end) and without branch targets or branch labels (except possibly at
the beginning).
Branch address table - ANSWER Also called branch table. A table of addresses
of alternative instruction sequences.
Procedure - ANSWER A stored subroutine that performs a specific task based
on the parameters with which it is provided.
Branch-and-link instruction - ANSWER An instruction that branches to an
address and simultaneously saves the address of the following instruction in a
register (LR or X30 in LEGv8).
Return address - ANSWER A link to the calling site that allows a procedure to
return to the proper address; in LEGv8, it is stored in register LR (X30).
Caller - ANSWER The program that instigates a procedure and provides the
necessary parameter values.
, Callee - ANSWER A procedure that executes a series of stored instructions
based on parameters provided by the caller and then returns control to the caller.
Program counter (PC) - ANSWER The register containing the address of the
instruction in the program being executed.
Stack - ANSWER A data structure for spilling registers organized as a last-in-
first-out queue.
Stack pointer - ANSWER A value denoting the most recently allocated address
in a stack that shows where registers should be spilled or where old register values
can be found. In LEGv8, it is register SP.
Push - ANSWER Add element to stack
Pop - ANSWER Remove element from stack.
Global pointer - ANSWER The register that is reserved to point to the static
area
Procedure frame - ANSWER Also called activation record. The segment of the
stack containing a procedure's saved registers and local variables
Frame pointer - ANSWER A value denoting the location of the saved registers
and local variables for a given procedure.
