HCR 240 Actual Exam 3 Questions And Answers
Practice Questions with Solutions Newest | Already
Graded A+
Clinical manifestations of hypertension
-Early stages of hypertension have no clinical manifestations other than
elevated blood pressure.
-Called the silent disease
Treatment of hypertension
-Reducing or eliminating risk factors
-Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH)
-Cessation of smoking
-Exercise program that promotes endurance and relaxation
Orthosatic hypotension
Decrease in the systolic and diastolic blood pressures on standing by 20
mmHg or more and by 10 mmHg or more, respectively
Clinical manifestations of orthostatic hypotension
Fainting upon standing
Treatment
,Treatment of orthostatic hypotension
Liberalize salt intake, raise the head of the bed, wear thigh-high stockings,
expand volume with mineralocorticoids, and administer vasoconstrictors
Primary orthostatic hypotension
-called neurogenic (results from neurologic disorders affecting autonomic
function)
-often chronic
-seen in older adults (Parkinson disease)
Secondary orthostatic hypotension
acute and associated with:
-altered body chemistry
-drug action (antihypertensive or antidepressants)
-prolonged immobility caused by illness
-starvation
-physical exhaustion
-any condition producing volume depletion (massive diuresis,
potassium/sodium depletion)
-any condition resulting in venous pooling (pregnancy, extensive
varicosities of lower extremities)
-adrenal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases,
paraneoplastic syndromes
Embolism
Bolus of matter circulates in the bloodstream and then lodges, obstructing
blood flow.
,Examples of boluses of matter in embolism
dislodged thrombus (often a DVT); air bubble; amniotic fluid; aggregate of
fat, bacteria, cancer cells; or foreign sustain
Embolisms can lead to ______ or________or distal to the obstruction
Ischemia
Infarction
Necrosis
thromboembolism
Vascular obstruction from dislodged thrombus
Air emoblism
when enough air is sucked into a blood vessel, it can actually block the
flow of blood in the lungs, sending the patient into cardiac arrest.
Amniotic fluid embolism
Amniotic fluid that is forced into the mother's bloodstream
Bacterial embolism
Infectious endocarditis
, Fat embolism
Trauma to long bones causes globules of fat to form in the blood
Artherosclerosis
-Thickening and hardening of the arteries caused by the accumulation of
lipid-laden macrophages in the arterial wall
-Leading cause of coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease
Clinical manifestation of artherosclerosis
-Depends on the organ affected
-Symptoms and signs are the results of inadequate perfusion of tissues.
Coronary Artery Disease
-Any vascular disorder that narrows or occludes the coronary arteries
-Results in an imbalance between the coronary supply of blood and
myocardial demand for oxygen and nutrients
Practice Questions with Solutions Newest | Already
Graded A+
Clinical manifestations of hypertension
-Early stages of hypertension have no clinical manifestations other than
elevated blood pressure.
-Called the silent disease
Treatment of hypertension
-Reducing or eliminating risk factors
-Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH)
-Cessation of smoking
-Exercise program that promotes endurance and relaxation
Orthosatic hypotension
Decrease in the systolic and diastolic blood pressures on standing by 20
mmHg or more and by 10 mmHg or more, respectively
Clinical manifestations of orthostatic hypotension
Fainting upon standing
Treatment
,Treatment of orthostatic hypotension
Liberalize salt intake, raise the head of the bed, wear thigh-high stockings,
expand volume with mineralocorticoids, and administer vasoconstrictors
Primary orthostatic hypotension
-called neurogenic (results from neurologic disorders affecting autonomic
function)
-often chronic
-seen in older adults (Parkinson disease)
Secondary orthostatic hypotension
acute and associated with:
-altered body chemistry
-drug action (antihypertensive or antidepressants)
-prolonged immobility caused by illness
-starvation
-physical exhaustion
-any condition producing volume depletion (massive diuresis,
potassium/sodium depletion)
-any condition resulting in venous pooling (pregnancy, extensive
varicosities of lower extremities)
-adrenal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases,
paraneoplastic syndromes
Embolism
Bolus of matter circulates in the bloodstream and then lodges, obstructing
blood flow.
,Examples of boluses of matter in embolism
dislodged thrombus (often a DVT); air bubble; amniotic fluid; aggregate of
fat, bacteria, cancer cells; or foreign sustain
Embolisms can lead to ______ or________or distal to the obstruction
Ischemia
Infarction
Necrosis
thromboembolism
Vascular obstruction from dislodged thrombus
Air emoblism
when enough air is sucked into a blood vessel, it can actually block the
flow of blood in the lungs, sending the patient into cardiac arrest.
Amniotic fluid embolism
Amniotic fluid that is forced into the mother's bloodstream
Bacterial embolism
Infectious endocarditis
, Fat embolism
Trauma to long bones causes globules of fat to form in the blood
Artherosclerosis
-Thickening and hardening of the arteries caused by the accumulation of
lipid-laden macrophages in the arterial wall
-Leading cause of coronary artery and cerebrovascular disease
Clinical manifestation of artherosclerosis
-Depends on the organ affected
-Symptoms and signs are the results of inadequate perfusion of tissues.
Coronary Artery Disease
-Any vascular disorder that narrows or occludes the coronary arteries
-Results in an imbalance between the coronary supply of blood and
myocardial demand for oxygen and nutrients
