RNSG 1301 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
What should you use (when taking sublingual nitroglycerin) if you have a hard time
administering it yourself? - Answer- use a tongue depressor to move the tongue so that
the tablet can be placed underneath on the desired side
List the medications used to treat peptic ulcer disease - Answer- -Histamine-2
Antagonists
-Antacids
-Proton pump inhibitors
-GI protectants
-Prostaglandins
How do histamine-2 antagonists work? - Answer- block the release of hydrochloric acid
in response to gastrin
How do antacids work? - Answer- neutralize stomach acid
How do proton pump inhibitors work? - Answer- They suppress gastric acid secretion by
blocking the last step of acid production (lumen of the stomach)
How do GI protectants work? - Answer- coat any injured area in the stomach to prevent
further injury from acid
How do prostaglandins work? - Answer- inhibit the secretion of gastrin and increase the
secretion of the mucous lining of the stomach, providing a buffer
How are antacids administered? - Answer- oral or parenteral
What patient teaching points does a nurse need to emphasize about antacids? -
Answer- -administer antacids apart from other oral medications (1 hour before or 2
after)
-maintain electrolyte balance
-watch out for ACID rebound
-possible bowl training programs if constipation and diarrhea occur
How often should you take sublingual nitroglycerin? - Answer- -one tablet/per 5 min for
acute angina attack (up to 3 in 15 min)
-one tablet 5-10 min before activity that may trigger attack
, Onset of action for metoprolol - Answer- (beta-blocker) onset in 60-90 minutes and lasts
anywhere from 6-19 hours
Mechanism of action beta blockers - Answer- Block stimulatory effects of the SNS;
specifically beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart and juxtaglomerular apparatus
-results in decreased excitability of the heart
What patient education should be included when administering atorvastatin? - Answer-
look for signs of rhabdomyolysis (harmful to kidneys)
-adverse effects: mostly GI (farting, cramps, nausea, etc)
-monitor cholesterol levels and LDL levels during therapy
-make sure patient tries to maintain a cholesterol low diet (3-6 months before therapy)
-liver function tests frequently
-barrier contraceptives
-do not take with any infection (may develop into renal failure)
-small meals
-temp/lighting control
When should atorvastatin be taken? - Answer- any time of day (others in this category
must be administered at bedtime because cholesterol synthesis is highest between
midnight and 5 am
Dose: atorvastatin (Lipitor) - Answer- 10 mg/d PO (10-80 mg/d range)
Pediatric: (10-17 year old)- 10 mg/d PO max at 20 mg/d
Adverse effects of lovastatin - Answer- GI problems:
-flatulence
-abdominal pain, cramps, nausea, vomiting, constipation
CNS problems:
-blurred vision, insomnia, fatigue, and cataract devleopment
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors - Answer- Also known as Statins, They inhibit the
body's cholesterol production and usually have the suffix "STATIN".
-blocks HMG-CoA reductase from completing cholesterol synthesis, therefore serum
cholesterol and LDL levels decrease because more LDL's get absorbed by cells to get
processed into cholesterol
hypertension (HTN) - Answer- persistently high blood pressure
Initial drug therapy for newly diagnosed HTN - Answer- thiazide diuretics (found to be
the best out of the classes of diuretics)
Thiazide diuretics (examples) - Answer- -hydrochlorothiazide
-chlorothiazide
-hydroflumethiazide
WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
What should you use (when taking sublingual nitroglycerin) if you have a hard time
administering it yourself? - Answer- use a tongue depressor to move the tongue so that
the tablet can be placed underneath on the desired side
List the medications used to treat peptic ulcer disease - Answer- -Histamine-2
Antagonists
-Antacids
-Proton pump inhibitors
-GI protectants
-Prostaglandins
How do histamine-2 antagonists work? - Answer- block the release of hydrochloric acid
in response to gastrin
How do antacids work? - Answer- neutralize stomach acid
How do proton pump inhibitors work? - Answer- They suppress gastric acid secretion by
blocking the last step of acid production (lumen of the stomach)
How do GI protectants work? - Answer- coat any injured area in the stomach to prevent
further injury from acid
How do prostaglandins work? - Answer- inhibit the secretion of gastrin and increase the
secretion of the mucous lining of the stomach, providing a buffer
How are antacids administered? - Answer- oral or parenteral
What patient teaching points does a nurse need to emphasize about antacids? -
Answer- -administer antacids apart from other oral medications (1 hour before or 2
after)
-maintain electrolyte balance
-watch out for ACID rebound
-possible bowl training programs if constipation and diarrhea occur
How often should you take sublingual nitroglycerin? - Answer- -one tablet/per 5 min for
acute angina attack (up to 3 in 15 min)
-one tablet 5-10 min before activity that may trigger attack
, Onset of action for metoprolol - Answer- (beta-blocker) onset in 60-90 minutes and lasts
anywhere from 6-19 hours
Mechanism of action beta blockers - Answer- Block stimulatory effects of the SNS;
specifically beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart and juxtaglomerular apparatus
-results in decreased excitability of the heart
What patient education should be included when administering atorvastatin? - Answer-
look for signs of rhabdomyolysis (harmful to kidneys)
-adverse effects: mostly GI (farting, cramps, nausea, etc)
-monitor cholesterol levels and LDL levels during therapy
-make sure patient tries to maintain a cholesterol low diet (3-6 months before therapy)
-liver function tests frequently
-barrier contraceptives
-do not take with any infection (may develop into renal failure)
-small meals
-temp/lighting control
When should atorvastatin be taken? - Answer- any time of day (others in this category
must be administered at bedtime because cholesterol synthesis is highest between
midnight and 5 am
Dose: atorvastatin (Lipitor) - Answer- 10 mg/d PO (10-80 mg/d range)
Pediatric: (10-17 year old)- 10 mg/d PO max at 20 mg/d
Adverse effects of lovastatin - Answer- GI problems:
-flatulence
-abdominal pain, cramps, nausea, vomiting, constipation
CNS problems:
-blurred vision, insomnia, fatigue, and cataract devleopment
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors - Answer- Also known as Statins, They inhibit the
body's cholesterol production and usually have the suffix "STATIN".
-blocks HMG-CoA reductase from completing cholesterol synthesis, therefore serum
cholesterol and LDL levels decrease because more LDL's get absorbed by cells to get
processed into cholesterol
hypertension (HTN) - Answer- persistently high blood pressure
Initial drug therapy for newly diagnosed HTN - Answer- thiazide diuretics (found to be
the best out of the classes of diuretics)
Thiazide diuretics (examples) - Answer- -hydrochlorothiazide
-chlorothiazide
-hydroflumethiazide
