SIEMENS LEVEL ONE EXAM 2026 TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ What is the role of the autonomic nervous system in bladder
control. Answer: autonomic stretch reflex
stretch --> afferent signals to PNS --> efferent reflex impulse
contracts bladder
◉ What can happen to the bladder with a lesion at t9 or above.
Answer: Spastic/reflexive bladder
bladder empties on stretch
◉ What happens to the bladder with cauda equina lesion. Answer:
initially hyperactive followed by paralysis and distension
◉ What is a facilitated segment. Answer: disturbance in afferent
input (persistent/abnormal/excessive) to a spinal segment results
in lowered excitation threshold and consequent increased
excitability of sensory/motor/autonomic systems
,◉ 2 main attachment points of the dura in the spinal canal. Answer:
foramen magnum
coccyx via film terminale
◉ 5 tension/fixed points of the neuromenginial system. Answer: C6
T6
L4
posterior knee
anterior elbow
◉ Common soft tissue sites for nerve injuries. Answer: soft
tissue/osseus tunnels
- IVF
- carpal tunnel
- btw supinator heads
Nerve branches
,Fixed points
Unyielding interfaces
- cast
- osteophytes
◉ What is double crush phenomenon. Answer: proximal lesion
causes a minor distal lesion to become symptomatic
◉ 2 key features of collagen. Answer: high tensile strength
little elastic recoil
◉ 2 key features of elastin. Answer: high elastic recoil
can withstand high amounts of force and still recoil
◉ Difference between compact and spongy bone. Answer: Compact
- dense texture of concentric rings provides strength
, Spongy: supports marrow and gives additional strength to compact
bone
◉ What is Wolff's law. Answer: bone growth is a response to
mechanical stress
removing load can elicit resorption
◉ Impacts of excessive exercise on bone. Answer: decreased
mechanical and material properties of bone
◉ function of bone. Answer: support soft tissue
protect delicate structures
provide lever for movement
produce blood cells
storage for minerals
◉ Are all cartilaginous zones vascular. Answer: no
QUESTIONS SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ What is the role of the autonomic nervous system in bladder
control. Answer: autonomic stretch reflex
stretch --> afferent signals to PNS --> efferent reflex impulse
contracts bladder
◉ What can happen to the bladder with a lesion at t9 or above.
Answer: Spastic/reflexive bladder
bladder empties on stretch
◉ What happens to the bladder with cauda equina lesion. Answer:
initially hyperactive followed by paralysis and distension
◉ What is a facilitated segment. Answer: disturbance in afferent
input (persistent/abnormal/excessive) to a spinal segment results
in lowered excitation threshold and consequent increased
excitability of sensory/motor/autonomic systems
,◉ 2 main attachment points of the dura in the spinal canal. Answer:
foramen magnum
coccyx via film terminale
◉ 5 tension/fixed points of the neuromenginial system. Answer: C6
T6
L4
posterior knee
anterior elbow
◉ Common soft tissue sites for nerve injuries. Answer: soft
tissue/osseus tunnels
- IVF
- carpal tunnel
- btw supinator heads
Nerve branches
,Fixed points
Unyielding interfaces
- cast
- osteophytes
◉ What is double crush phenomenon. Answer: proximal lesion
causes a minor distal lesion to become symptomatic
◉ 2 key features of collagen. Answer: high tensile strength
little elastic recoil
◉ 2 key features of elastin. Answer: high elastic recoil
can withstand high amounts of force and still recoil
◉ Difference between compact and spongy bone. Answer: Compact
- dense texture of concentric rings provides strength
, Spongy: supports marrow and gives additional strength to compact
bone
◉ What is Wolff's law. Answer: bone growth is a response to
mechanical stress
removing load can elicit resorption
◉ Impacts of excessive exercise on bone. Answer: decreased
mechanical and material properties of bone
◉ function of bone. Answer: support soft tissue
protect delicate structures
provide lever for movement
produce blood cells
storage for minerals
◉ Are all cartilaginous zones vascular. Answer: no
