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1. The nurse spends time with a patient and family reviewing a dressing change procedure for
the patient's wound. The patient's spouse demonstrates how to change the dressing. The
nurse is acting in which professional role?
1. Educator
2. Advocate
3. Caregiver
4. Communicator
Answer: 1. Educator
Explanation: The nurse is acting as an educator by explaining the procedure, demonstrating it,
and evaluating the spouse’s return demonstration. This role involves teaching patients and
families how to manage care at home.
2. A patient discharged a week ago following a stroke is currently participating in
rehabilitation sessions provided by nurses, physical therapists, and registered dietitians in an
outpatient setting. In what level of prevention is the patient participating?
1. Primary prevention
2. Secondary prevention
3. Tertiary prevention
4. Transtheoretical prevention
Answer: 3. Tertiary prevention
, Explanation: Tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation and preventing further disability
after a disease or injury has occurred. The patient is in outpatient rehab after a stroke, which
aims to maximize function and prevent complications.
3. Based on the transtheoretical model of change, what is the most appropriate response to a
patient who states "Me, stop smoking? I've been smoking since I was 16!"
1. That's fine. Some people who smoke live a long life.
2. Ok. I want you to decrease the number of cigarettes you smoke by one each day, and I'll see
you in 1 month.
3. What do you think is the greatest reason why stopping smoking would be challenging for you?
4. I'd like you to attend a smoking-cessation class this week and use nicotine replacement patches
as directed.
Answer: 3. What do you think is the greatest reason why stopping smoking would be
challenging for you?
Explanation: The patient is in the precontemplation stage (not intending to change). Asking an
open-ended question can help the patient begin to think about barriers to change without
confrontation, which is appropriate for this stage.
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, 4. A nurse is caring for a client who decides not to have surgery despite significant blockages
of the coronary arteries. The nurse understands that this client's choice is an example of
which of the following ethical principles?
A. Fidelity
B. Autonomy
C. Justice
Answer: B. Autonomy
Explanation: Autonomy respects the client’s right to make their own healthcare decisions, even
if others disagree. The client is choosing not to have surgery, which is an exercise of personal
autonomy.
5. A nurse is instructing a group of newly licensed nurses about the responsibilities organ
donation and procurement involved. When the nurse explains that all clients waiting for a
kidney transplant have to meet the same qualifications, the newly licensed nurses should
understand that this aspect of care delivery is an example of which of the following ethical
principles?
A. Fidelity
B. Autonomy
C. Justice
D. Nonmaleficence
Answer: C. Justice
Explanation: Justice means fairness in care delivery and resource allocation. Applying the same
qualifications to all kidney transplant candidates ensures fair distribution of scarce organs.