LES 305 Exam 1 (Clark) 2026 | UPDATED Actual
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Terms in this set (148)
Ethics Manner by which one lives one's life according to
a standard of right or wrong behavior
- In both how one thinks and behaves towards
others and how one would like them to think and
behave towards others
Factors That Influence Ethics - One's upbringing
- One's religion
- One's social traditions and beliefs
- Society: Structured community of people
bound together by similar traditions and customs
Understanding Right and Wrong Moral Standards: Principles by which judgments
are made about good and bad behavior based
on:
1. Religious Beliefs
2. Cultural Beliefs
- Culture: Particular set of attitudes, beliefs, and
practices that characterize a group of individuals
3) Philosophical Beliefs
,Source of Beliefs Family and friends
Ethnic Background
Religion
School
Media
Personal role models and mentors
Morality: Collection of influences built over a
person's life
** Sources add up to morality
How Should One Live? - Standards of ethical behavior are absorbed by
osmosis from everyone around
- Ethical behavior can be based on religious
morality or experience of human existence
- Morals and values: Set of personal principles by
which one aims to live one's life
- Value System: Set of personal principles
formalized into a code of behavior
Intrinsic Value Quality by which a value is a good thing in itself -
> Pursued for its own sake, whether anything
comes from that pursuit or not (Ex: happiness,
health, self-respect)
Instrumental Value Quality by which the pursuit of one's value is a
good way to reach another value (Ex: money is
valued for what it can buy rather than for itself)
Value Conflicts - Impact of a value system on individuals is how
much their daily lives are influenced by those
values
- Occur when one is presented with a situation
that places one's value system in direct conflict
with an action
- Personal Value System: Specific choices and
responses to a situation by an individual
, The Golden Rule - Do unto others as you would have them do
unto you
- Problem with the rule is the assumption that
others would follow the same principles as one
would do
Ethical Theories Virtue Ethics, Utilitarianism, Universal Ethics
Virtue Ethics - Living one's life according to a commitment to
the achievement of a clear ideal
- Criticism: societies can place different emphasis
on different virtues
Utilitarianism - Ethical choices that offer the greatest good for
the greatest number of people
- Criticism: idea that the ends justify the means
Universal Ethics - Actions that are taken out of duty and
obligation to a purely moral idea rather than
based on the needs of the situation (Universal
principles are seen to apply to everyone,
everywhere, all the time)
- Criticism: Reverse of the weakness in ethics for
the greater good
Ethical Relativism Traditions of one's society, one's personal
opinions, and the circumstances of the present
moment define one's ethical principles
- Implies some degree of flexibility as opposed
to strict black and white rules
- Offers the comfort of being a part of the ethical
majority in the community or society
Exam Complete Questions and Guide Answers,
100% Verified Graded A+
Save
Terms in this set (148)
Ethics Manner by which one lives one's life according to
a standard of right or wrong behavior
- In both how one thinks and behaves towards
others and how one would like them to think and
behave towards others
Factors That Influence Ethics - One's upbringing
- One's religion
- One's social traditions and beliefs
- Society: Structured community of people
bound together by similar traditions and customs
Understanding Right and Wrong Moral Standards: Principles by which judgments
are made about good and bad behavior based
on:
1. Religious Beliefs
2. Cultural Beliefs
- Culture: Particular set of attitudes, beliefs, and
practices that characterize a group of individuals
3) Philosophical Beliefs
,Source of Beliefs Family and friends
Ethnic Background
Religion
School
Media
Personal role models and mentors
Morality: Collection of influences built over a
person's life
** Sources add up to morality
How Should One Live? - Standards of ethical behavior are absorbed by
osmosis from everyone around
- Ethical behavior can be based on religious
morality or experience of human existence
- Morals and values: Set of personal principles by
which one aims to live one's life
- Value System: Set of personal principles
formalized into a code of behavior
Intrinsic Value Quality by which a value is a good thing in itself -
> Pursued for its own sake, whether anything
comes from that pursuit or not (Ex: happiness,
health, self-respect)
Instrumental Value Quality by which the pursuit of one's value is a
good way to reach another value (Ex: money is
valued for what it can buy rather than for itself)
Value Conflicts - Impact of a value system on individuals is how
much their daily lives are influenced by those
values
- Occur when one is presented with a situation
that places one's value system in direct conflict
with an action
- Personal Value System: Specific choices and
responses to a situation by an individual
, The Golden Rule - Do unto others as you would have them do
unto you
- Problem with the rule is the assumption that
others would follow the same principles as one
would do
Ethical Theories Virtue Ethics, Utilitarianism, Universal Ethics
Virtue Ethics - Living one's life according to a commitment to
the achievement of a clear ideal
- Criticism: societies can place different emphasis
on different virtues
Utilitarianism - Ethical choices that offer the greatest good for
the greatest number of people
- Criticism: idea that the ends justify the means
Universal Ethics - Actions that are taken out of duty and
obligation to a purely moral idea rather than
based on the needs of the situation (Universal
principles are seen to apply to everyone,
everywhere, all the time)
- Criticism: Reverse of the weakness in ethics for
the greater good
Ethical Relativism Traditions of one's society, one's personal
opinions, and the circumstances of the present
moment define one's ethical principles
- Implies some degree of flexibility as opposed
to strict black and white rules
- Offers the comfort of being a part of the ethical
majority in the community or society
