Praxis 5623: PLT 5-9 Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct
Albert Bandura Ans-Social learning theory - Learning is a cognitive process that takes place
in a social context and can occur purely through observation and direct instruction.
Jerome Bruner Ans-Discovery Learning - It is best for learners to discover facts and
relationships for themselves.
Constructivism theory Ans-Bruner, Vygotsky, Piaget, and Dewey- People construct their own
understanding and knowledge of the world, through experiencing things and reflecting on
those experiences.
John Dewey Ans-The father of progressive education.
All for progressive education which emphasized the need to learn by doing. He believed that
human beings learn through "hands on" approach. Project based learning!
Pragmatists Ans-They believe that reality must be experienced.
Erik Erikson Ans-eight stages of psychosocial development in which a healthy developing
individual passes through from infancy to adulthood.
Carol Gilligan Ans-The ethics of care is a theory about what makes actions morally right or
wrong. She has feminist roots that tie into this.
Lawrence Kohlberg Ans-Theory of moral development which states that morality starts from
childhood years and can be affected by several factors. Morality an be developed either
negatively or positively, depending on how an individual accomplishes the tasks before him
during each stage of moral development across lifespan.
,Abraham Maslow Ans-Hierarchy of needs. Students need to have basic needs met and feel
safe before learning can occur.
Maria Montessori Ans-A child centered educational approach. "Follow the hid, they will
show you what they need to do."
Jean Piaget Ans-Four stages of cognitive development. Children learn through actively
constructing knowledge through hands-on experience - is a description of cognitive
development (sensorimotor pre-operational, concrete, and formal).
B.F. Skinner Ans-Developed the theory of operant conditioning - A behaviorist idea that
behavior is determined by its consequences, be they reinforcements or punishments, which
make it more or less likely that the behavior occur again.
Lev Vygotsky Ans-Created the Zone of Proximal Development - children learn through
hands-on experience, but unlike Piaget, he claimed that timely and sensitive intervention by
adults when a child is on the edge of learning a new task could help children learn new tasks.
This technique is called "scaffolding," because it builds upon knowledge children already have
with new knowledge that adults can help the child learn.
Cooperative learning Ans-students working in small groups is a successful teaching strategy
in which small teams, each with students of different levels of ability, use a variety of learning
activities to improve their understanding of a subject. Each member of a team is responsible
not only for learning what is taught but also helping. Teammates learn, thus creating an
atmosphere of achievement. Students work through assignments until all group members
successfully understand and complete it.
Direct Instruction Ans-Explicit teaching of a skill-set using lectures or demonstrations of the
material, rather than exploratory models such as inquiry-based learning.
Discovery Learning Ans-Exploration of data and experiences. It's a method of inquiry-based
instruction. Believes it is best for learners to discover facts and relationships for themselves. As
, a result, students may be more likely to remember concepts and knowledge discovered on their
own.
Whole-group discussion Ans-A form of classroom lecture where the focus is shared between
the instructor and the students for information transfer.
Independent study Ans-students sets own mode of study with goals.
Interdisciplinary instruction Ans-A method used to teach a unit across different curricular
disciplines. Integrated instruction also allows for authentic assessment.
Concept Mapping Ans-A technique for representing knowledge in graphs. Knowledge graphs
are networks of concepts.
Inquiry method Ans-Gathering facts and observations to investigate real world problems. It's
a student-centered method of educational focused on asking questions. Good learners center
their attention and activity on the process of inquiry itself, not merely on the end product of
knowledge.
Major categories of instructional strategies include Ans-Direct instruction, discovery
learning, whole group discussion, independent study, interdisciplinary instruction, concept
mapping, inquiry method.
Pedagogy Ans-strategies or style of instruction.
Scope Ans-the depth of content to be covered in a curriculum at any one time. All that you
do in a given period.
Scope and sequence frameworks Ans-Together, a scope and sequence of learning bring
order to the delivery of content, supporting the maximizing of student learning and offering
Albert Bandura Ans-Social learning theory - Learning is a cognitive process that takes place
in a social context and can occur purely through observation and direct instruction.
Jerome Bruner Ans-Discovery Learning - It is best for learners to discover facts and
relationships for themselves.
Constructivism theory Ans-Bruner, Vygotsky, Piaget, and Dewey- People construct their own
understanding and knowledge of the world, through experiencing things and reflecting on
those experiences.
John Dewey Ans-The father of progressive education.
All for progressive education which emphasized the need to learn by doing. He believed that
human beings learn through "hands on" approach. Project based learning!
Pragmatists Ans-They believe that reality must be experienced.
Erik Erikson Ans-eight stages of psychosocial development in which a healthy developing
individual passes through from infancy to adulthood.
Carol Gilligan Ans-The ethics of care is a theory about what makes actions morally right or
wrong. She has feminist roots that tie into this.
Lawrence Kohlberg Ans-Theory of moral development which states that morality starts from
childhood years and can be affected by several factors. Morality an be developed either
negatively or positively, depending on how an individual accomplishes the tasks before him
during each stage of moral development across lifespan.
,Abraham Maslow Ans-Hierarchy of needs. Students need to have basic needs met and feel
safe before learning can occur.
Maria Montessori Ans-A child centered educational approach. "Follow the hid, they will
show you what they need to do."
Jean Piaget Ans-Four stages of cognitive development. Children learn through actively
constructing knowledge through hands-on experience - is a description of cognitive
development (sensorimotor pre-operational, concrete, and formal).
B.F. Skinner Ans-Developed the theory of operant conditioning - A behaviorist idea that
behavior is determined by its consequences, be they reinforcements or punishments, which
make it more or less likely that the behavior occur again.
Lev Vygotsky Ans-Created the Zone of Proximal Development - children learn through
hands-on experience, but unlike Piaget, he claimed that timely and sensitive intervention by
adults when a child is on the edge of learning a new task could help children learn new tasks.
This technique is called "scaffolding," because it builds upon knowledge children already have
with new knowledge that adults can help the child learn.
Cooperative learning Ans-students working in small groups is a successful teaching strategy
in which small teams, each with students of different levels of ability, use a variety of learning
activities to improve their understanding of a subject. Each member of a team is responsible
not only for learning what is taught but also helping. Teammates learn, thus creating an
atmosphere of achievement. Students work through assignments until all group members
successfully understand and complete it.
Direct Instruction Ans-Explicit teaching of a skill-set using lectures or demonstrations of the
material, rather than exploratory models such as inquiry-based learning.
Discovery Learning Ans-Exploration of data and experiences. It's a method of inquiry-based
instruction. Believes it is best for learners to discover facts and relationships for themselves. As
, a result, students may be more likely to remember concepts and knowledge discovered on their
own.
Whole-group discussion Ans-A form of classroom lecture where the focus is shared between
the instructor and the students for information transfer.
Independent study Ans-students sets own mode of study with goals.
Interdisciplinary instruction Ans-A method used to teach a unit across different curricular
disciplines. Integrated instruction also allows for authentic assessment.
Concept Mapping Ans-A technique for representing knowledge in graphs. Knowledge graphs
are networks of concepts.
Inquiry method Ans-Gathering facts and observations to investigate real world problems. It's
a student-centered method of educational focused on asking questions. Good learners center
their attention and activity on the process of inquiry itself, not merely on the end product of
knowledge.
Major categories of instructional strategies include Ans-Direct instruction, discovery
learning, whole group discussion, independent study, interdisciplinary instruction, concept
mapping, inquiry method.
Pedagogy Ans-strategies or style of instruction.
Scope Ans-the depth of content to be covered in a curriculum at any one time. All that you
do in a given period.
Scope and sequence frameworks Ans-Together, a scope and sequence of learning bring
order to the delivery of content, supporting the maximizing of student learning and offering
