BIOS 251 Midterm Exam 2 (Latest Update
) Anatomy and Physiology IV
with Lab | Questions & Answers | 100%
Correct | Grade A - Chamberlain
1. Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Ribosome
C. Lysosome
D. Smooth ER
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Ribosomes translate mRNA into amino acid chains to
form proteins.
2. Which macromolecule forms the main structural component of
plant cell walls?
A. Starch
B. Glycogen
C. Cellulose
D. Chitin
,Correct answer: C
Rationale: Cellulose provides rigidity and strength to plant cell
walls.
3. Which organelle generates ATP for cellular energy?
A. Lysosome
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondria
D. Golgi apparatus
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Mitochondria perform oxidative phosphorylation to
produce ATP.
4. Which macromolecule stores genetic information?
A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. Nucleic acid
D. Carbohydrate
Correct answer: C
Rationale: DNA stores hereditary information; RNA transfers it for
protein synthesis.
5. Which phase of mitosis involves alignment of chromosomes at
the equator?
,A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Metaphase ensures proper attachment of chromosomes
to the spindle fibers.
6. Which organelle detoxifies harmful substances and metabolizes
fatty acids?
A. Lysosome
B. Peroxisome
C. Smooth ER
D. Golgi apparatus
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Peroxisomes contain enzymes that neutralize reactive
oxygen species.
7. Which macromolecule provides long-term energy storage in
animals?
A. Lipid
B. Protein
C. Carbohydrate
D. Nucleic acid
, Correct answer: A
Rationale: Triglycerides store energy and provide insulation.
8. Which organelle packages and sorts proteins for secretion?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Rough ER
C. Smooth ER
D. Lysosome
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins into
vesicles.
9. Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome?
A. rRNA
B. tRNA
C. mRNA
D. snRNA
Correct answer: B
Rationale: tRNA matches mRNA codons with the correct amino
acids during translation.
10. Which phase of the cell cycle is responsible for DNA
replication?
) Anatomy and Physiology IV
with Lab | Questions & Answers | 100%
Correct | Grade A - Chamberlain
1. Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Ribosome
C. Lysosome
D. Smooth ER
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Ribosomes translate mRNA into amino acid chains to
form proteins.
2. Which macromolecule forms the main structural component of
plant cell walls?
A. Starch
B. Glycogen
C. Cellulose
D. Chitin
,Correct answer: C
Rationale: Cellulose provides rigidity and strength to plant cell
walls.
3. Which organelle generates ATP for cellular energy?
A. Lysosome
B. Ribosome
C. Mitochondria
D. Golgi apparatus
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Mitochondria perform oxidative phosphorylation to
produce ATP.
4. Which macromolecule stores genetic information?
A. Protein
B. Lipid
C. Nucleic acid
D. Carbohydrate
Correct answer: C
Rationale: DNA stores hereditary information; RNA transfers it for
protein synthesis.
5. Which phase of mitosis involves alignment of chromosomes at
the equator?
,A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Metaphase ensures proper attachment of chromosomes
to the spindle fibers.
6. Which organelle detoxifies harmful substances and metabolizes
fatty acids?
A. Lysosome
B. Peroxisome
C. Smooth ER
D. Golgi apparatus
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Peroxisomes contain enzymes that neutralize reactive
oxygen species.
7. Which macromolecule provides long-term energy storage in
animals?
A. Lipid
B. Protein
C. Carbohydrate
D. Nucleic acid
, Correct answer: A
Rationale: Triglycerides store energy and provide insulation.
8. Which organelle packages and sorts proteins for secretion?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. Rough ER
C. Smooth ER
D. Lysosome
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins into
vesicles.
9. Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome?
A. rRNA
B. tRNA
C. mRNA
D. snRNA
Correct answer: B
Rationale: tRNA matches mRNA codons with the correct amino
acids during translation.
10. Which phase of the cell cycle is responsible for DNA
replication?
