BIOL 3201 Final Exam Questions With
Accurate Answers
BSL 1 - ANSWER *Microorganisms not known to cause disease in healthy adults.
*Examples: Bacillus subtilis, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus
saprophyticus
-Standard microbiological practices are followed
-Personal protective equipment (PPE) is not required.
-A sink must be available for hand washing.
BSL 2 - ANSWER *Indigenous microorganisms that can lead to diseases of
varying severity in healthy adults.
*Examples: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Salmonella
-BSL-1 practices plus:
-Laboratory access is restricted.
-PPE must be worn including lab coats and gloves.
-Eye protection and face shields are worn when needed.Work that may generate
aerosols or splashes are performed in a biological safety cabinet.
-Contaminated waste is autoclaved.
-The laboratory has self-closing doors. A sink and eyewash are available.
BSL 3 - ANSWER *Indigenous or exotic microorganisms that cause serious or
potentially lethal disease through respiratory transmission.
*Examples: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacillus anthracis, Francisella
tularensis
-BSL-2 practices plus:
-Medical surveillance of laboratory employees. Immunizations may be required.
-Locking, double door access separates the lab's work area from other parts of
the facility.
-PPE must be worn including lab coats, gloves, eye protection, and respirators.
-All work with microorganisms must be performed in a biosafety cabinet.
-Decontamination of all waste and lab clothing before laundering.
-Laboratory must have negative air-flow, and exhaust air cannot be recirculated.
-A hands-free sink and eyewash must be available.
, BSL 4 - ANSWER *Microorganisms that are dangerous and exotic with high risk
of aerosol transmitted infections. Rarely are there treatments or vaccines for
these microorganisms, and the diseases they cause are frequently fatal.
*Examples: Ebola virus, Marburg virus
-BSL-3 practices plus:
-Change clothing before entering lab.
-Shower upon exiting lab
-Decontaminate all materials before exiting lab.
-All work with microorganisms must be performed in a ClassIII biosafety cabinet
or by wearing a full body, positive pressure suit
-Laboratory must have negative air-flow, and exhaust air cannot be recirculated.
-The laboratory must be in a separate building or in an isolated and restricted
zone of the building.
microorganism - ANSWER a general term for living organisms that cannot be
seen without a microscope, even though some people include viruses and
prions in the group.
"Ubiquity of Microorganisms" - ANSWER refers to the concept that
microorganisms are everywhere.
disinfectants - ANSWER can destroy vegetative cells and viruses but may not
destroy endospores
Brightfield microscopes - ANSWER -simplest form of microscopy where light is
either passed through, or reflected off, a specimen.
-Illumination is not altered by devices that changethe properties of light (such as
polarizers or filters).
-Requires the use of stains to visualize cells.
Phase contrast microscopes - ANSWER -converts the differences in optical
density (refractive index) of cells into different shades of brightness (contrast).
-Allows for the visualization of morphology, external structures, and some
internal structures.
-Stains are not required.
Darkfield microscopes - ANSWER contrast is created by a bright specimenon a
dark background. Ideal for morphology and external structures.
-Stains not required.
Fluorescent microscopes - ANSWER -uses high intensity illumination to excite
fluorescent molecules (fluorophores) in the sample. -When a molecule absorbs
photons, electrons are excited to a higher energy level.
Accurate Answers
BSL 1 - ANSWER *Microorganisms not known to cause disease in healthy adults.
*Examples: Bacillus subtilis, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus
saprophyticus
-Standard microbiological practices are followed
-Personal protective equipment (PPE) is not required.
-A sink must be available for hand washing.
BSL 2 - ANSWER *Indigenous microorganisms that can lead to diseases of
varying severity in healthy adults.
*Examples: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Salmonella
-BSL-1 practices plus:
-Laboratory access is restricted.
-PPE must be worn including lab coats and gloves.
-Eye protection and face shields are worn when needed.Work that may generate
aerosols or splashes are performed in a biological safety cabinet.
-Contaminated waste is autoclaved.
-The laboratory has self-closing doors. A sink and eyewash are available.
BSL 3 - ANSWER *Indigenous or exotic microorganisms that cause serious or
potentially lethal disease through respiratory transmission.
*Examples: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacillus anthracis, Francisella
tularensis
-BSL-2 practices plus:
-Medical surveillance of laboratory employees. Immunizations may be required.
-Locking, double door access separates the lab's work area from other parts of
the facility.
-PPE must be worn including lab coats, gloves, eye protection, and respirators.
-All work with microorganisms must be performed in a biosafety cabinet.
-Decontamination of all waste and lab clothing before laundering.
-Laboratory must have negative air-flow, and exhaust air cannot be recirculated.
-A hands-free sink and eyewash must be available.
, BSL 4 - ANSWER *Microorganisms that are dangerous and exotic with high risk
of aerosol transmitted infections. Rarely are there treatments or vaccines for
these microorganisms, and the diseases they cause are frequently fatal.
*Examples: Ebola virus, Marburg virus
-BSL-3 practices plus:
-Change clothing before entering lab.
-Shower upon exiting lab
-Decontaminate all materials before exiting lab.
-All work with microorganisms must be performed in a ClassIII biosafety cabinet
or by wearing a full body, positive pressure suit
-Laboratory must have negative air-flow, and exhaust air cannot be recirculated.
-The laboratory must be in a separate building or in an isolated and restricted
zone of the building.
microorganism - ANSWER a general term for living organisms that cannot be
seen without a microscope, even though some people include viruses and
prions in the group.
"Ubiquity of Microorganisms" - ANSWER refers to the concept that
microorganisms are everywhere.
disinfectants - ANSWER can destroy vegetative cells and viruses but may not
destroy endospores
Brightfield microscopes - ANSWER -simplest form of microscopy where light is
either passed through, or reflected off, a specimen.
-Illumination is not altered by devices that changethe properties of light (such as
polarizers or filters).
-Requires the use of stains to visualize cells.
Phase contrast microscopes - ANSWER -converts the differences in optical
density (refractive index) of cells into different shades of brightness (contrast).
-Allows for the visualization of morphology, external structures, and some
internal structures.
-Stains are not required.
Darkfield microscopes - ANSWER contrast is created by a bright specimenon a
dark background. Ideal for morphology and external structures.
-Stains not required.
Fluorescent microscopes - ANSWER -uses high intensity illumination to excite
fluorescent molecules (fluorophores) in the sample. -When a molecule absorbs
photons, electrons are excited to a higher energy level.
