BIO 201 EXAM 4 ASU CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION VERIFIED
SUCCESS
●● synaptic vesicle
Answer: a small, spherical structure that contains molecules of
neurotransmitter
●● sarcoplasm
Answer: cytoplasm of a muscle cell
●● sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
Answer: specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which stores,
releases, and retrieves Ca++
●● Muscle Energy Sources (ways to recharge ADP to ATP)?
Answer: Direct Phosphorylation
Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
●● Direct Phosphorylation
,Answer: Creatine phosphate (made in your muscle cells)
-adds a phosphate directly to ADP
-immediate use, short term
●● Anaerobic Respiration
Answer: Glucose broken down into pyruvic acid to produce lactic acid
& 2 ATP molecules
-short term use
●● Aerobic Respiration
Answer: Requires oxygen, continues after pyruvic acid produced to go
on to produce a net 32 ATP molecules
-used for long term/endurance activities
●● Muscular dystrophy
Answer: Group of inherited muscle destroying diseases; generally
appear in childhood, muscles enlarge due to fat and connective tissue
deposits, muscle fibers atrophy and degenerate
Treatment: prednisone (steroid)
●● Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Answer: · Most common and severe type
, · Inherited, sex-linked, carried by females and expressed in males
(1/3600) as lack of dystrophin
· Victims become clumsy & fall frequently; Usually appears between
ages 2 and 7; typically die of respiratory failure in 20s
●● Four characteristics of all muscle
Answer: Excitability
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity
●● Excitability
Answer: (responsiveness): ability to receive and respond to stimuli
(generally from a nerve)
●● Contractility
Answer: ability to shorten forcibly when stimulated
●● Extensibility
Answer: ability to be stretched
●● Elasticity
Answer: ability to recoil to resting length
EVALUATION ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS FULL SOLUTION VERIFIED
SUCCESS
●● synaptic vesicle
Answer: a small, spherical structure that contains molecules of
neurotransmitter
●● sarcoplasm
Answer: cytoplasm of a muscle cell
●● sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)
Answer: specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which stores,
releases, and retrieves Ca++
●● Muscle Energy Sources (ways to recharge ADP to ATP)?
Answer: Direct Phosphorylation
Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
●● Direct Phosphorylation
,Answer: Creatine phosphate (made in your muscle cells)
-adds a phosphate directly to ADP
-immediate use, short term
●● Anaerobic Respiration
Answer: Glucose broken down into pyruvic acid to produce lactic acid
& 2 ATP molecules
-short term use
●● Aerobic Respiration
Answer: Requires oxygen, continues after pyruvic acid produced to go
on to produce a net 32 ATP molecules
-used for long term/endurance activities
●● Muscular dystrophy
Answer: Group of inherited muscle destroying diseases; generally
appear in childhood, muscles enlarge due to fat and connective tissue
deposits, muscle fibers atrophy and degenerate
Treatment: prednisone (steroid)
●● Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Answer: · Most common and severe type
, · Inherited, sex-linked, carried by females and expressed in males
(1/3600) as lack of dystrophin
· Victims become clumsy & fall frequently; Usually appears between
ages 2 and 7; typically die of respiratory failure in 20s
●● Four characteristics of all muscle
Answer: Excitability
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity
●● Excitability
Answer: (responsiveness): ability to receive and respond to stimuli
(generally from a nerve)
●● Contractility
Answer: ability to shorten forcibly when stimulated
●● Extensibility
Answer: ability to be stretched
●● Elasticity
Answer: ability to recoil to resting length
