BIOD 151 2026 TEST BANK
PRACTICE SOLUTION SET
◉ What is superior v inferior?
Answer: toward the head (above) v away from the head (below)
◉ What is ventral v dorsal?
Answer: front (anterior) v back (posterior)
◉ What is medial v lateral?
Answer: toward the midline of the body v away from the midline of the
body
◉ What is proximal v distal?
Answer: close to the point of attachment v farther from point of
attachment
◉ What is deep v superficial?
Answer: away from the body surface v toward the body surface
◉ What is flexion v extension?
Answer: closing of a joint v opening of a joint
,◉ what is ABduction v ADDuction?
Answer: movement away from midline v movement toward midline
◉ What is dorsiflexion v plantarflexion?
Answer: toes up v toes down
◉ What is pronation v supination?
Answer: palms up/foot lateral v palms down/foot medial
◉ What is elevation v depression?
Answer: upward movement of a structure v downward movement of a
structure
◉ What is retraction v protraction?
Answer: movement of a structure drawn backward v movement of a
structure drawn forward
◉ Describe anatomical position
Answer: Standing upright with feet slightly apart, palms facing forward
and thumbs facing away from the body
◉ What is the sagittal plane?
Answer: divides body into left and right (midsagittal is equal parts)
,◉ What are frontal planes?
Answer: divides body into front and back
◉ What is a transverse plane?
Answer: divides the body into superior and inferior parts
◉ What lies within the dorsal cavity?
Answer: the cranial cavity, the spinal cavity, pelvic cavity
◉ What lies within the ventral body cavity?
Answer: thoracic cavity, pleural cavity, thoracic cavity, pericardial
cavity, abdominopelvic cavity
◉ What is serosa?
Answer: membrane that lines the ventral body cavity and the outer
surface of the organs
◉ What is pleurisy?
Answer: inflammation of the pleurae
◉ What are the nine abdominopelvic regions?
Answer: R/L hypochondriac, epigastric, R/L lumbar, umbilical, R/L
hypogastric, hypogastric
, ◉ Why do cells need to remain relatively small?
Answer: Because as the cell expands, the amount of surface area relative
to volume decreases. The smaller cell is more active when its surface
area, relative to its volume, is bigger
◉ What are the three characteristics of a prokaryotic cell?
Answer: smaller than eukaryotic, DNA is not enclosed in a nuclear
membrane, do not contain many of the internal membrane-bound
organelles that eukaryotic cells have
◉ What parts of a prokaryotic cell can be labeled?
Answer: capsule, cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes,
plasmid, pili, bacterial flagellum, nucleoid
◉ What is the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?
Answer: surrounded by a nuclear membrane and contains DNA. Serves
as the control enter of the cell
◉ What are chromosomes?
Answer: organized form of DNA in a cell
◉ What are genes?
Answer: sections of a chromosome that determine what proteins are
synthesized in the ribosomes
PRACTICE SOLUTION SET
◉ What is superior v inferior?
Answer: toward the head (above) v away from the head (below)
◉ What is ventral v dorsal?
Answer: front (anterior) v back (posterior)
◉ What is medial v lateral?
Answer: toward the midline of the body v away from the midline of the
body
◉ What is proximal v distal?
Answer: close to the point of attachment v farther from point of
attachment
◉ What is deep v superficial?
Answer: away from the body surface v toward the body surface
◉ What is flexion v extension?
Answer: closing of a joint v opening of a joint
,◉ what is ABduction v ADDuction?
Answer: movement away from midline v movement toward midline
◉ What is dorsiflexion v plantarflexion?
Answer: toes up v toes down
◉ What is pronation v supination?
Answer: palms up/foot lateral v palms down/foot medial
◉ What is elevation v depression?
Answer: upward movement of a structure v downward movement of a
structure
◉ What is retraction v protraction?
Answer: movement of a structure drawn backward v movement of a
structure drawn forward
◉ Describe anatomical position
Answer: Standing upright with feet slightly apart, palms facing forward
and thumbs facing away from the body
◉ What is the sagittal plane?
Answer: divides body into left and right (midsagittal is equal parts)
,◉ What are frontal planes?
Answer: divides body into front and back
◉ What is a transverse plane?
Answer: divides the body into superior and inferior parts
◉ What lies within the dorsal cavity?
Answer: the cranial cavity, the spinal cavity, pelvic cavity
◉ What lies within the ventral body cavity?
Answer: thoracic cavity, pleural cavity, thoracic cavity, pericardial
cavity, abdominopelvic cavity
◉ What is serosa?
Answer: membrane that lines the ventral body cavity and the outer
surface of the organs
◉ What is pleurisy?
Answer: inflammation of the pleurae
◉ What are the nine abdominopelvic regions?
Answer: R/L hypochondriac, epigastric, R/L lumbar, umbilical, R/L
hypogastric, hypogastric
, ◉ Why do cells need to remain relatively small?
Answer: Because as the cell expands, the amount of surface area relative
to volume decreases. The smaller cell is more active when its surface
area, relative to its volume, is bigger
◉ What are the three characteristics of a prokaryotic cell?
Answer: smaller than eukaryotic, DNA is not enclosed in a nuclear
membrane, do not contain many of the internal membrane-bound
organelles that eukaryotic cells have
◉ What parts of a prokaryotic cell can be labeled?
Answer: capsule, cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes,
plasmid, pili, bacterial flagellum, nucleoid
◉ What is the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?
Answer: surrounded by a nuclear membrane and contains DNA. Serves
as the control enter of the cell
◉ What are chromosomes?
Answer: organized form of DNA in a cell
◉ What are genes?
Answer: sections of a chromosome that determine what proteins are
synthesized in the ribosomes
