ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 4 2026
ORGAN SYSTEM DYSFUNCTION REVIEW
QUESTIONS ANSWERS VERIFIED GUIDE
◉ Select the condition that is an example of physiologic hyperplasia.
a. breast enlargement during puberty
b. endometrial hyperplasia from excessive estrogen stimulation
c. prostatic hyperplasia occurring as men age
d. none of the above are physiologic.
Answer: A
◉ Your patient has a long history of mitral stenosis (narrowing of
the mitral valve). As the years go by, the left atrium, which contracts
against the increased resistance of the stenotic valve, begins to fail--
and output from the left ventricle begins to decline. If the left
ventricle were to undergo adaptation, what would it most likely be?
a. atrophy.
b. hypertrophy.
c. hyperplasia.
d. metaplasia..
Answer: A
,◉ Which of the following is not characteristic of cellular dysplasia?
a. variation in size and shape of cells
b. small, pale nuclei
c. disorderly arrangement of cells
d. preneoplastic change.
Answer: B
◉ If a normal individual began to take cortisol 100 mgs. every day as
a medication, which of the following would result?
a. hypertrophy of the adrenal gland
b. hyperplasia of the adrenal gland
c. atrophy of the adrenal gland
d. hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the adrenal gland.
Answer: C
◉ If a normal individual began to take thyroid hormone 100 mcgs.
every day as a medication, which of the following would result?
a. hypertrophy of the thyroid gland
b. hyperplasia of the thyroid gland
c. atrophy of the thyroid gland
d. hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the thyroid gland.
Answer: B
,◉ Chronic alcoholism can result in the development of a fatty liver
because it results in which of the following?
a. increased production of free fatty acids
b. increased conversion of free fatty acids to triglycerides
c. decreased oxidation of cholesterol, triglycerides, and
phospholipids
d. decreased binding of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids
to apoproteins.
Answer: A
◉ Which of the following is the primary difference between wet and
dry gangrene?
a. Infection and inflammation are present in wet gangrene.
b. Wet gangrene results from arterial occlusion and dry gangrene
from venous stasis.
c. Dry gangrene involves the presence of Clostridium perfringens.
d. Wet gangrene occurs only in internal organs..
Answer: E
◉ Which of the following components is not involved in apoptosis?
a. Bcl-2
b. apaf-1
, c. caspase 9
d. cytochrome c
e. HLA 2.
Answer: E
◉ Some cancer-causing viruses are able to protect the cells that they
transform from undergoing apoptosis by interfering with the action
of the apoptosis promoter called:
a. TNF-alpha.
b. Fas.
c. p53.
d. IL-2.
e. INF-beta..
Answer: C
◉ Which of the following diseases is thought to be related to free
radical damage?
a. osteoarthritis
b. detached retina
c. cerebral aneurysm
d. cancer.
Answer: D
ORGAN SYSTEM DYSFUNCTION REVIEW
QUESTIONS ANSWERS VERIFIED GUIDE
◉ Select the condition that is an example of physiologic hyperplasia.
a. breast enlargement during puberty
b. endometrial hyperplasia from excessive estrogen stimulation
c. prostatic hyperplasia occurring as men age
d. none of the above are physiologic.
Answer: A
◉ Your patient has a long history of mitral stenosis (narrowing of
the mitral valve). As the years go by, the left atrium, which contracts
against the increased resistance of the stenotic valve, begins to fail--
and output from the left ventricle begins to decline. If the left
ventricle were to undergo adaptation, what would it most likely be?
a. atrophy.
b. hypertrophy.
c. hyperplasia.
d. metaplasia..
Answer: A
,◉ Which of the following is not characteristic of cellular dysplasia?
a. variation in size and shape of cells
b. small, pale nuclei
c. disorderly arrangement of cells
d. preneoplastic change.
Answer: B
◉ If a normal individual began to take cortisol 100 mgs. every day as
a medication, which of the following would result?
a. hypertrophy of the adrenal gland
b. hyperplasia of the adrenal gland
c. atrophy of the adrenal gland
d. hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the adrenal gland.
Answer: C
◉ If a normal individual began to take thyroid hormone 100 mcgs.
every day as a medication, which of the following would result?
a. hypertrophy of the thyroid gland
b. hyperplasia of the thyroid gland
c. atrophy of the thyroid gland
d. hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the thyroid gland.
Answer: B
,◉ Chronic alcoholism can result in the development of a fatty liver
because it results in which of the following?
a. increased production of free fatty acids
b. increased conversion of free fatty acids to triglycerides
c. decreased oxidation of cholesterol, triglycerides, and
phospholipids
d. decreased binding of cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids
to apoproteins.
Answer: A
◉ Which of the following is the primary difference between wet and
dry gangrene?
a. Infection and inflammation are present in wet gangrene.
b. Wet gangrene results from arterial occlusion and dry gangrene
from venous stasis.
c. Dry gangrene involves the presence of Clostridium perfringens.
d. Wet gangrene occurs only in internal organs..
Answer: E
◉ Which of the following components is not involved in apoptosis?
a. Bcl-2
b. apaf-1
, c. caspase 9
d. cytochrome c
e. HLA 2.
Answer: E
◉ Some cancer-causing viruses are able to protect the cells that they
transform from undergoing apoptosis by interfering with the action
of the apoptosis promoter called:
a. TNF-alpha.
b. Fas.
c. p53.
d. IL-2.
e. INF-beta..
Answer: C
◉ Which of the following diseases is thought to be related to free
radical damage?
a. osteoarthritis
b. detached retina
c. cerebral aneurysm
d. cancer.
Answer: D
